Glutathione redox state, glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration in periparturient dairy cows, and their relation with negative energy balance

Monitoring the redox status in dairy cows by using plasma dROMs, PAT, and OSI biomarkers

“…This process may be similar in other species as well. It has been reported that BCS correlates with these indicators and may influence the level of oxidative processes in cows during the periparturient period (Mikulková et al 2020). This finding supports the assumption that peripartum energy disbalance may predispose to the development of OS.…”

“…Once if this balance is upset and ROS cannot be eliminated by the AO defence systems anymore, the oxidative stress (OS) develops leading to cell damage and finally resulting in reduced animal productivity (Sies et al 1985). Previous studies have revealed the association of OS with diseases and health disorders in cattle, such as retained foetal membranes, metritis, mastitis (Kankofer et al 1996), udder oedema (Miller et al 1993;Celi, 2010;Jóźwik et al 2012;Talukder et al 2014), disturbances in energy metabolisms including insulin resistance (Pedernera et al 2010;Xu et al 2014;Mikulková et al 2020), infertility, early embryonic death, development of follicular cysts (Miller et al 1993;Rizzo et al 2007Rizzo et al , 2009Celi et al 2012) in cattle. There are several factors that may predispose to the development of OS, such as metabolic stress (Pastorelli et al 2013), heat stress (Bernabucci et al 2002;Lacetera et al 2003;Zimbelman and Collier 2011), consumption of mycotoxin contaminated feeds and unregulated inflammatory processes (Miller et al 1993).…”

The impact of the oxidative status on the reproduction of cows and the calves’ health – a review

“…Although superoxide anion was discovered as early as the 1930s, research into the physiological effects of oxygen-originated free radicals and OS was most likely to be started by the discovery of the SOD enzyme in '60s (McCord and Fridovich 1969;Soares and Costa 2009). For detection of disbalance in capacity of AO defence system and ROS concentration, so called indirect methods such as measurement of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and SOD activity, glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratio are frequently used in research practice (Mikulková et al 2019(Mikulková et al , 2020.…”

“…Targeted OS studies match well various herd monitoring studies, such as ketosis monitoring, body condition scoring, production and fertility indicators, and disease monitoring which may point to metabolic stress in the herd. For this reason, it is an obvious option to analyse OS indicators in parallel with metabolic profile studies, to identify links between OS and metabolic changes (Mikulková et al 2020).…”

“…Oxidative stress (OS) develops when the excessively formed oxygen free radicals (Reactive Oxygen Species; ROS) exceed the capacity of the body's antioxidant (AO) defence mechanisms, which can cause cell damage or exacerbate diseases (Sies et al 1985). In the periods of NEB, cows are vulnerable to OS (Abuelo et al 2015(Abuelo et al , 2019Elischer et al 2015;Mikulková et al 2020).…”