Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) Null Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundSome studies have recently focused on the association between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null polymorphisms and hypertension; however, results have been inconsistent.ObjectiveIn order to drive a more precise estimation, the present systematic review and meta-analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and hypertension.MethodsEligible articles were identified by a search of several bibliographic databases for the period up to August 17, 2013. Odds ratios were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models.ResultsRegarding the GSTM1 null/present genotype, 14 case—control studies were eligible (2773 hypertension cases and 3189 controls). The meta-analysis revealed that it might present a small increased risk for hypertension, although the effect was not statistically significant (odd ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96, 1.40; P = 0.002, I2 = 59.8%). Further subgroup analysis by ethnicity and control source suggested that the association was still not significant. Thirteen case—control studies were eligible for GSTT1 (2497 hypertension cases and 3078 controls). No statistically significant association was observed between the GSTT1 null genotype and hypertension risk (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.53; P = 0.000, I2 = 80.3%). Furthermore, stratification by ethnicity and control source indicated no association between the GSTT1 null genotype and hypertension risk. We further confirmed the association by sensitivity analysis. No publication bias was detected.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of hypertension. Future large well-designed epidemiological studies with individual information, lifestyle factors, and environmental factors are warranted to validate the present findings.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) variants and breast cancer risk in Burkina Faso

“…Therefore, GSTs may be of clinical value in the case of some malignant cancers [17]. The μ (GSTM1:chromosome1p13.3) and θ (GSTT1: chromosome 22q11.23) members of this multigene family are candidate cancer susceptibility genes because of their ability to regulate the conjugation of carcinogenic compounds to excretable hydrophilic metabolites [8,18]. GSTM1-null or GSTT1-null might then increase risk for deleterious effects of exposure to a wide range of environmental carcinogens [19].…”

Intravenous glutathione for skin lightening: Inadequate safety data

“…Of the plethora of articles retrieved from the second MEDLINE search, we identi fied 28 systematic reviews of animal stud ies, [3941] GSHrelated genetic polymorphisms linked to various cancers (colo rectal can cer, [42] leukaemia, [43,44] lung cancer, [45,46] blad der can cer, [47] gastric cancer, [48,49] prostate cancer, [5053] adult brain tumours, [54] basal cell carcinoma [55] ) and linked to other disorders (autism, [12,13] hyper tension, [56,57] respiratory diseases, [58,59] cataract, [60] myelo dysplastic syndrome, [61,62] glioma [63] and male idio pathic infertility. [64] ) There were 9 RCTs identified from two systematic reviews of the use of GSH to reduce chemotherapy induced toxicity (6 cisplatin, 2 axaliplatin, 1 platinum); most suggested less toxicity in GSH groups.…”

Lack of association between glutathione s-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene polymorphisms and obesity

“…Glutathione ( GST ) genes are phase II enzymes involved in the detoxification of intrinsic and extrinsic electrophilic compounds, which protect against oxidative stress by eliminating free radicals by glutathione-dependent peroxidase and affect individual susceptibility to diseases such as hypertension ( Ge et al, 2015 ). Genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione s-transferase mu 1 ( GSTM1 ) gene are known to affect DNA and antioxidant levels ( Altay and Bozoğlu, 2017 ).…”