Glutathione transferase activity and oocyte development in copepods exposed to toxic phytoplankton

Kozlowsky‐Suzuki, Betina; Koski, Marja; Hallberg, Eric; Wallén, Rita; Carlsson, Per

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.025

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…The high ingestion rate, low influence on fitness, and low weight-specific internal PST levels of C. helgolandicus indicate an adaptation through detoxification mechanisms that lead to decreased sensitivity to PST. Detoxification mechanisms in copepods have been observed in previous studies [30], [31]. The increased cellular PST level in A. tamarense for both, the treatment with live C. helgolandicus and only their cues, suggests a magnified defense response towards a predator capable of handling PST and thus posing a potentially higher risk for the prey population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

A Molecular and Co-Evolutionary Context for Grazer Induced Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense

2010

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Marine dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are the proximal source of neurotoxins associated with Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning. The production of these toxins, the toxin biosynthesis and, thus, the cellular toxicity can be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. There is, however, a lack of substantial evidence concerning the toxins' ecological function such as grazing defense. Waterborne cues from copepods have been previously found to induce a species-specific increase in toxin content in Alexandrium minutum. However, it remains speculative in which context these species-specific responses evolved and if it occurs in other Alexandrium species as well. In this study we exposed Alexandrium tamarense to three copepod species (Calanus helgolandicus, Acartia clausii, and Oithona similis) and their corresponding cues. We show that the species-specific response towards copepod-cues is not restricted to one Alexandrium species and that co-evolutionary processes might be involved in these responses, thus giving additional evidence for the defensive role of phycotoxins. Through a functional genomic approach we gained insights into the underlying molecular processes which could trigger the different outcomes of these species-specific responses and consequently lead to increased toxin content in Alexandrium tamarense. We propose that the regulation of serine/threonine kinase signaling pathways has a major influence in directing the external stimuli i.e. copepod-cues, into different intracellular cascades and networks in A. tamarense. Our results show that A. tamarense can sense potential predating copepods and respond to the received information by increasing its toxin production. Furthermore, we demonstrate how a functional genomic approach can be used to investigate species interactions within the plankton community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

A Molecular and Co-Evolutionary Context for Grazer Induced Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense

2010

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“…When zooplankton avoid feeding on phytoplankton with various properties, such as toxicity (Dutz 1998, Sopanen et al 2006, Kozlowsky-Suzuki et al 2009), non-preferred sizes (Berggreen et al 1988), or low nutritional value (Jónasdóttir 1994), lower GGEs are often found, which demonstrates the advantage of allocating energy reserves to survival rather than reproduction when feeding on such phytoplankton (Sopanen et al 2006). In the present study, GGE did not differ significantly between treatments.…”

Section: Grazing Experimentssupporting

confidence: 43%

Influence of altered light conditions and grazers on Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) cyst formation

Lundgren¹,

Granéli²

2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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We investigated whether or not the presence of copepods and different light conditions induced cyst formation in dinoflagellates. Scrippsiella trochoidea was exposed to Acartia tonsa directly and indirectly (grazer filtrate), in high light and low light conditions. The ingestion, faecal production and egg production of A. tonsa were compared between diets of S. trochoidea vegetative cells and temporary cysts. We found no effect of direct or indirect exposure to A. tonsa on S. trochoidea cyst formation in either high light or low light conditions. Controls and A. tonsa treatments kept in light displayed around 20% temporary cysts, whereas controls and A. tonsa treatments in low light were shown to have 50 to 80% temporary cysts. Thus, low light conditions had a strong effect on temporary cyst formation. No hypnocysts were observed in any experiment, which is probably related to the longer incubation times needed for their observation. Feeding on diets dominated by temporary cysts compared to vegetative cells decreased ingestion by a factor of 2.7, while faecal and egg production decreased by a factor of 2.2 and 2.9, respectively, suggesting that induction of temporary cysts in response to A. tonsa could be a survival strategy. However, S. trochoidea does not possess any grazer-induced defence in terms of temporary cyst formation, as it did not produce temporary cysts when exposed to A. tonsa. Rather, induction of temporary cysts seems to be controlled by decreased light intensity, which is a favorable trait for this species when driven to water depths where light is scarce.

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“…Nevertheless, consumers differ in their detoxification efficiencies (e.g. Adamovský et al, 2007) with responses ranging from induction to inhibition of in vivo GST activity after exposure to cyanotoxins (Kozlowsky-Suzuki et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher accumulation efficiency by zooplankton could be attributed to low detoxification capability (e.g. Kozlowsky-Suzuki et al, 2009) or to fast uptake of MC associated with the disruption of epithelial cells of the midgut after digestion of cyanobacterial cells (Rohrlack et al, 2005). However, some contamination of zooplankton net samples with large cyanobacterial colonies or filaments cannot be ruled out despite careful clean-up and isolation procedures (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomagnification or biodilution of microcystins in aquatic foodwebs? Meta-analyses of laboratory and field studies

2012

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Glutathione transferase activity and oocyte development in copepods exposed to toxic phytoplankton

Cited by 35 publications

References 75 publications

A Molecular and Co-Evolutionary Context for Grazer Induced Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense

A Molecular and Co-Evolutionary Context for Grazer Induced Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense

Influence of altered light conditions and grazers on Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) cyst formation

Biomagnification or biodilution of microcystins in aquatic foodwebs? Meta-analyses of laboratory and field studies

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Glutathione transferase activity and oocyte development in copepods exposed to toxic phytoplankton

Cited by 35 publications

References 75 publications

A Molecular and Co-Evolutionary Context for Grazer Induced Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense

A Molecular and Co-Evolutionary Context for Grazer Induced Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense

Influence of altered light conditions and grazers on Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) cyst ­formation

Biomagnification or biodilution of microcystins in aquatic foodwebs? Meta-analyses of laboratory and field studies

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Influence of altered light conditions and grazers on Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) cyst formation