Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Pro-Ser Peptide Fish Collagen Improves Skin Moisture and Wrinkles with Ameliorated the Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Factors in Skin Photoaging Mimic Models

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate whether low molecular fish collagen peptide (FC) from Oreochromis niloticus had protective effects on skin of photoaging mimic models. We observed that FC supplementation improved antioxidant enzymes activities and regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6] by reducing the protein expressions of pro-inflammatory factors IB, p65, and cyclooxygenase-2 in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FC increased hyaluronic acid, sphingomyelin, and skin hydration by regulating the mRNA expression of hyaluronic acid synthases 1∼3, serine palmitoyltransferase 1, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1, and protein expressions of ceramide synthase 4, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, and -9. In UV-B irradiated in vitro and in vivo, FC down-regulated the protein expression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Fos, c-Jun, and MMP pathways and up-regulated that of the transforming growth factor- receptor I, collagen type I, procollagen type I, and small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog pathways. Our results suggest that FC can be effective against UV-B induced skin photoaging by improving skin dryness and wrinkle formation through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

New Insight into Utilization of Fish By-Product Proteins and Their Skin Health Promoting Effects

“…As described in Tables 1 and 2, both in vivo and in vitro treatment of fish by-product proteins can significantly reduce the ROS level detected by the 2 ′ ,7 ′ -dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe [49,60,61]. As shown in Figure 2, other supporting evidence indicated that antioxidant enzyme activity was also upregulated by fish by-product protein supplement, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) [50,55,59]. The SOD could accelerate the decomposition of superoxide anion with high toxicity into less toxic chemical hydrogen peroxide.…”

“…For in vivo study, the fur of regular mice/rats can block UV irradiation against the skin. The ideal in vivo model is that of hairless mice [50][51][52] (Table 1). Some researchers suggest using sodium sulfide or physical shaving to remove normal mice hair [53,54].…”

“…Fish by-product protein supplements can improve the moisture situation in the skin, which is achieved in two significant ways. Firstly, it can stimulate hyaluronic acid synthesis, which can boost skin moisture retention [50,56]. Secondly, by promoting sphingomyelin production, the water loss in the skin can be reduced [51].…”

Collagen Hydrolysate from the Scales of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Improve Hair and Skin Health by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Promoting Hair Growth and Extracellular Matrix Factors

“…Recently, Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Pro-Ser peptide from fish scales of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), which is similar to the indicator in our sample was reported to possess antioxidant activity by increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx activity in addition to exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and preserving ECM integrity by increasing hyaluronic acid levels through up-regulation of HAS in ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiated in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the peptide can be effective against UVB induced skin photoaging by improving skin dryness and wrinkle formation through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [ 57 ]. These findings suggest that the clinical properties of hair and skin health are influenced by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hair growth, and ECM production properties.…”

“…Moreover, oral administration of low-molecular-weight peptides improves skin properties such as elasticity, skin moisture, and trans-epidermal water loss [ 35 ]. Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Pro-Ser peptides from Oreochromis niloticus improved skin dryness and wrinkle formation against UV-B-induced skin photoaging through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [ 57 ]. Additionally, among fish CH, CH derived from the scales of Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) has been found to promote wound healing and cell proliferation [ 58 , 59 ].…”