Glycaemic control and microvascular complication among patients with youth onset diabetes in India using differing types of insulin and methods of glucose monitoring

Miglani, Sunita; Goswami, Ravinder; Tandon, Nikhil; Dudha, Anuradha; Kochupillai, N.

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.01.005

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Less common cost items were surgery costs (3 studies), monitoring costs (2 studies) and food costs (2 studies). In six studies providing estimates for cost components as well as total costs, drug costs accounted for more than half of the total direct costs [ 31 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 47 ]. A study from Delhi reported that the average annual direct cost of type 2 diabetes was INR 6,212.4 (USD 143.14) in 2005, of which more than half were drug costs (INR 3,324; USD 76.59) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of diabetes in India: a review of the literature

et al. 2014

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BackgroundDiabetes and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise. This calls for an assessment of the economic burden of the disease.ObjectiveTo conduct a critical review of the literature on cost of illness studies of diabetes and its complications in India.MethodsA comprehensive literature review addressing the study objective was conducted. An extraction table and a scoring system to assess the quality of the studies reviewed were developed.ResultsA total of nineteen articles from different regions of India met the study inclusion criteria. The third party payer perspective was the most common study design (17 articles) while fewer articles (n =2) reported on costs from a health system or societal perspective. All the articles included direct costs and only a few (n =4) provided estimates for indirect costs based on income loss for patients and carers. Drug costs proved to be a significant cost component in several studies (n =12). While middle and high-income groups had higher expenditure in absolute terms, costs constituted a higher proportion of income for the poor. The economic burden was highest among urban groups. The overall quality of the studies is low due to a number of methodological weaknesses. The most frequent epidemiological approach employed was the prevalence-based one (n =18) while costs were mainly estimated using a bottom up approach (n =15).ConclusionThe body of literature on the costs of diabetes and its complications in India provides a fragmented picture that has mostly concentrated on the direct costs borne by individuals rather than the healthcare system. There is a need to develop a robust methodology to perform methodologically rigorous and transparent cost of illness studies to inform policy decisions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of diabetes in India: a review of the literature

et al. 2014

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“…Although many clinical trials in T2DM include individuals from age 18 onwards there are usually few young adults recruited and little data specific to the effectiveness of treatments in the age range 18-40. Treatment approaches in this age group are therefore based on evidence from older T2DM 134 . Several oral and injectable glucose lowering therapies are approved for T2DM and offer a wide choice in selecting appropriate therapeutic combinations.…”

Section: Pharmacological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults

Lascar

Brown

Pattison

et al. 2018

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

620

486

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults is dramatically increasing. Similar to older-onset type 2 diabetes, the major predisposing risk factors are obesity, family history, and sedentary lifestyle. Onset of diabetes at a younger age (defined here as up to age 40 years) is associated with longer disease exposure and increased risk for chronic complications. Young-onset type 2 diabetes also affects more individuals of working age, accentuating the adverse societal effects of the disease. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that young-onset type 2 diabetes has a more aggressive disease phenotype, leading to premature development of complications, with adverse effects on quality of life and unfavourable effects on long-term outcomes, raising the possibility of a future public health catastrophe. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology and existing knowledge regarding pathophysiology, risk factors, complications, and management of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults.

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“…5,6 However, there are no studies comparing immunogenicity of synthetic and bovine insulins and its clinical significance. In a developing country like India, cost-effective management of the disease is of primary importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%