Glycans and Glycan-Binding Proteins in Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Complex glycans are readily accessible on the endothelium and on cell and plasma components. They interact with glycan-binding proteins which translate their structure into function. Advanced analytical tools are available to investigate their structure and functional interactions. Modifications to glycan structures which alter their capacity to bind proteins are particularly relevant in atherosclerosis. We summarize the regulatory role of glycans and their binding partners in the development of the disease. Given their complexity, accessibility, and important functional role, glycans and glycan-binding proteins represent promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.

The Role of Glycocalyx and Caveolae in Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases

“…Atherosclerosis and its consequences represent the major cause of cardiovascular mortality. This disease is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, increased platelet adhesion, leukocyte recruitment, and accumulation of lipoproteins that evade phagocytosis (Eckardt et al, 2019). Endothelial dysfunction in the areas where atherosclerosis develops occurs through entry of lipoproteins, which is followed by lesions, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines, migration of monocytes, and accumulation of macrophages (Gimbrone and Garcia-Cardeña, 2016).…”

“…In physiological conditions, arterial ECs submitted to uniform flow (UF) release NO constantly (Noris et al, 1995). As described by Eckardt et al (2019), the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is associated with alterations in vascular glycocalyx. Glycocalyx degradation stimulates lipid flux, increasing lipid deposition in the arterial walls.…”

A Toast to the Last Decade and a Very Happy 2020 from Thrombosis and Haemostasis!

“…We are pleased to have published a series of theme issue articles last year, some of which already received notable attention. One theme issue focused on new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the other one on platelets and the balance between aggregation and bleeding. [18][19][20][21][22][23] We are looking forward to publishing a new theme issue this year on Reversal of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy.…”

Next-Generation Therapeutic Concepts for Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cell Specificity and Noncoding RNAs

“…The epigenetic aspect could be the missing link to develop more selective and effective therapies. The review articles by Eckardt et al, 5 Paloschi et al, 6 and Holdt Theme Issue Editorial Focus et al 7 exactly describe glycan-binding proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs selective epigenetic biomarkers as novel and potential therapeutic targets to treat atherosclerosis. Vascular glycans are dynamically influenced by the physiological state of the cells, which is read and translated into function by glycan-binding proteins.…”