Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and Perspectives

Abstract

lanaca koji su kovalentno vezani za poli pep tidnu ki~mu. Dobro je poznat zna~aj prome na u glikozilaciji proteina za nastanak, razvoj i krajnji ishod razli~itih bolesti kod ljudi. Glikani se smatraju jedinstvenim strukturama za di jag nozu, i pra}enje toka bolesti. U »omics« eri, glikom, glika n ski analog proteoma i genoma, predstavlja mogu}i izvor no vih biomarkera. Kreiranje strategije za otkri}e biomarkera zahteva nove principe i platforme za analizu relativno malih koli~ina brojnih glikoproteina. O~ekuje se da glikomske teh no logije, koje su jo{ u razvoju, a koje obuhvataju razli~ite tipove masene spektrometrije i afinitivnih tehnika, rezultiraju novim analiti~kim procedurama u oblasti odre |i vanja bio markera. Najve}i izazovi za eksperimentalnu i kli ni~ku gliko pro teomiku su: pretraga razli~itih tipova gliko mo lekula, oda bir potencijalnih markera i njihova selekcija ili pre ~i{}a -vanje i identifikacija. Za ovo je neophodno razviti teh no logije koje }e omogu}iti visoku senzitivnost detekcije biomarkera kao i odgovaraju}u standardizaciju i validaciju novih metoda, kako bi se one mogle primeniti u laboratorijskom radu. Dalji razvoj na polju primenjene glikonauke zahteva integrisani sistemski pristup sa ciljem da se na pravi na~in iskoriste sve njene mo gu}nosti u dijagnostici.

Identifying cancer biomarkers by mass spectrometry‐based glycomics

“…These studies have also demonstrated the potential of employing glycomics of human specimens or glycoproteins isolated from human specimens to define potential glycan biomarkers for cancers of different organs, including breast, colon, esophagus, liver, ovary, pancreas, and prostate. Several recent reviews described the use of both MALDI-MS [21][22][23][24] and LC-ESI-MS in glycan biomarker discovery, in general [21][22][23][25][26][27]].…”

Defining Putative Glycan Cancer Biomarkers By Ms

“…MS and LC-MS are currently the method of choice for the characterization of glycans. Several recent reviews have described the use of both MALDI-MS [24–27] and LC-ESI-MS in glycan biomarker discovery in general [24–26, 28–30]. This review is concerned with highlighting the use of MS and LC-MS in defining N- and O-glycans structures as “putative” cancer biomarkers of different organs, including breast, colon, esophagus, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreas and prostate.…”

Cancer glycan biomarkers and their detection – past, present and future

“…These functions range from controlling protein folding and clearance rates to mediating events like inflammation, metastasis, and infection to serving as biomarkers of diseases. 4 In fact, an established hallmark of tumorigenesis is the biosynthesis of aberrant glycan chains due to profound changes in metabolism, microenvironment and, as a result, in the expression of glycoprocessing enzymes. 5 These aberrations become more marked as the tumor acquires a more aggressive phenotype.…”