Glycans as Plant Defense Priming Agents Against Filamentous Pathogens

Chaliha, Chayanika; Field, Robert A.; Kalita, Eeshan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51034-3_4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The exogenous application of glycans enhanced disease resistance of different plant species to diverse pathogens, acknowledging the relevance of these carbohydrate‐based ligands released during plant–microbe interaction in the regulation of plant disease resistance (Mélida et al., 2018; Rebaque et al., 2021). This oligosaccharide‐mediated priming effect on PTI and disease resistance has driven the development of sustainable crop protection solutions based on combinations of active glycans (DAMPs and MAMPs; Chaliha et al., 2020, Lemke et al., 2022). The discovery of counterpart receptors for these active glycans in crops would accelerate the selection of the corresponding genes in breeding programs to enhance crop disease resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis immune responses triggered by cellulose‐ and mixed‐linked glucan‐derived oligosaccharides require a group ofleucine‐rich repeat malectinreceptor kinases

et al. 2023

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SUMMARY The plant immune system perceives a diversity of carbohydrate ligands from plant and microbial cell walls through the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which activate pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Among these ligands are oligosaccharides derived from mixed‐linked β‐1,3/β‐1,4‐glucans (MLGs; e.g. β‐1,4‐D‐(Glc)2‐β‐1,3‐D‐Glc, MLG43) and cellulose (e.g. β‐1,4‐D‐(Glc)3, CEL3). The mechanisms behind carbohydrate perception in plants are poorly characterized except for fungal chitin oligosaccharides (e.g. β‐1,4‐d‐(GlcNAc)6, CHI6), which involve several receptor kinase proteins (RKs) with LysM‐ECDs. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in glycan perception (igp) that are defective in PTI activation mediated by MLG43 and CEL3, but not by CHI6. igp1–igp4 are altered in three RKs – AT1G56145 (IGP1), AT1G56130 (IGP2/IGP3) and AT1G56140 (IGP4) – with leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR) and malectin (MAL) domains in their ECDs. igp1 harbors point mutation E906K and igp2 and igp3 harbor point mutation G773E in their kinase domains, whereas igp4 is a T‐DNA insertional loss‐of‐function mutant. Notably, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays with purified ECD‐RKs of IGP1 and IGP3 showed that IGP1 binds with high affinity to CEL3 (with dissociation constant KD = 1.19 ± 0.03 μm) and cellopentaose (KD = 1.40 ± 0.01 μM), but not to MLG43, supporting its function as a plant PRR for cellulose‐derived oligosaccharides. Our data suggest that these LRR‐MAL RKs are components of a recognition mechanism for both cellulose‐ and MLG‐derived oligosaccharide perception and downstream PTI activation in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis immune responses triggered by cellulose‐ and mixed‐linked glucan‐derived oligosaccharides require a group ofleucine‐rich repeat malectinreceptor kinases

et al. 2023

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“…The relevance of these carbohydrate-based ligands released during plant-microbe interaction in the regulation of plant disease resistance has been proved in different plant species that show enhanced disease resistance to different pathogens upon exogenous application of glycans DAMPs/MAMPs (e.g., MLG43) in comparison to untreated plants (15, 31). This oligosaccharide-mediated priming effect on PTI and disease resistance has driven the development of sustainable crop protection solutions based on mixtures of active glycans (DAMPs/MAMPs: (69, 70)). The discovery of counterpart receptors for these active glycans in crops will accelerate the selection of the corresponding genes in breeding programs to enhance crops disease resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Leucine Rich Repeat-Malectin Receptor Kinases in immunity triggered by cellulose and mixed-linked glucan oligosaccharides

Martín-Dacal

Fernández-Calvo

Jiménez‐Sandoval

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Plant immune system perceives through the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) a diversity of carbohydrate ligands from plant and microbial cell walls, which activate Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). Among these ligands are oligosaccharides derived from mixed-linked β-1,3/β-1,4-glucans (MLGs, e.g., β-1,4-D-(Glc)2-β-1,3-D-Glc, MLG43) and cellulose (e.g., β-1,4-D-(Glc)3, CEL3). The mechanisms of perception of carbohydrates by plants are poorly characterized, with the exception of that determining recognition of fungal chitin oligosaccharides (e.g., β-1,4-D(GlcNAc)6, CHI6) that involves several PRRs with LysM-ECDs that function as receptor or co-receptors. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in glycan perception (igp), which are defective in PTI activation mediated by MLG43 and CEL3, but not CHI6. igp1-igp4 are altered in receptor-like kinases [RLKs: AT1G56145 (IGP1), AT1G56130 (IGP2/3), and AT1G56140 (IGP4)] with Leucine-Rich-Repeat (LRR) and Malectin (MAL) domains in their ECDs. igp4 is a T-DNA insertional, loss of function mutant whereas igp1 and the allelic igp2/igp3 harbour point mutations (E906K and G773E, respectively) in their kinase domains, which impact their structure and surface electrostatic potential as revealed by in silico structural analyses. Notably, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry assays with purified ECD-RLKs showed that AT1G56145 binds with high affinity CEL3 (Kd = 1.19 ± 0.03 μM) and cellopentaose (Kd = 1.40 ± 0.01 μM), but not MLG43, supporting AT1G56145 function as a plant PRR for cellulose oligosaccharides. Our data suggest that these LRR-MAL RLKs are receptor/co-receptors of a novel mechanism of perception of cellulose and MLG-derived oligosaccharides and PTI activation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Glycans as Plant Defense Priming Agents Against Filamentous Pathogens

Cited by 2 publications

References 103 publications

Arabidopsis immune responses triggered by cellulose‐ and mixed‐linked glucan‐derived oligosaccharides require a group ofleucine‐rich repeat malectinreceptor kinases

Arabidopsis immune responses triggered by cellulose‐ and mixed‐linked glucan‐derived oligosaccharides require a group ofleucine‐rich repeat malectinreceptor kinases

Arabidopsis Leucine Rich Repeat-Malectin Receptor Kinases in immunity triggered by cellulose and mixed-linked glucan oligosaccharides

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