Glycans in Bacterial Infections: Gram-Negative Infections in the Respiratory Tract

Pither, Molly Dorothy; Silipo, Alba; Lorenzo, Flaviana Di; Molinaro, Antonio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819475-1.00055-9

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…223 This decoration, which reduces the net negative charge of LPS, enhancing resistance to CAMPs, appears to play a key role in the potential to produce serious invasive infections as well as to favor the chronicization of the infection itself. 224 Several insidious Gram-negative species including P. mirabilis, the causative agent of urinary tract infections, 225 Y. pseudotubercolosis, responsible of enterocolitis, 226 and K. pneumoniae, another human lung pathogen, 227 employ such an Arap4N modification of the LPS to deal with the CAMP action. Similarly, the intracellular pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans, S. typhimurium (Figure 14a), during the infection process remodels its lipid A by the activation of the PmrAB system, leading to the addition of Arap4N and PEtN.…”

Section: Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this sugar provides a strong negative charge and hydrophilicity to the bacterial surface; this reduces the potential for hydrophobic interactions with host immune factors aimed at the clearance of the bacterium from the site of infection. 224 Likewise, and as mentioned in section 4.4, H. pylori besides producing an unusual lipid A (Figure 24) also expresses LPS variants containing Lewis blood group antigen epitopes interacting with DC-SIGN (Figure 9). As a result of such an interaction, the chronicization of H. pylori infection in a large proportion of the population is strongly favored.…”

Section: Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with Ara p 4N (Figure b,c) . This decoration, which reduces the net negative charge of LPS, enhancing resistance to CAMPs, appears to play a key role in the potential to produce serious invasive infections as well as to favor the chronicization of the infection itself . Several insidious Gram-negative species including P. mirabilis , the causative agent of urinary tract infections, Y. pseudotubercolosis , responsible of enterocolitis, and K. pneumoniae , another human lung pathogen, employ such an Ara p 4N modification of the LPS to deal with the CAMP action.…”

Section: Immunology Of the Lps: The Bacterial Perspective And The “Es...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bright examples come from Neisseria strains and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi), which express extremely complex core OS structures with an extensive intra- and interstrain heterogeneity (Figures and ). This is due to the existence of highly variable glycoforms generated by switching terminal sugar units (in the case of Neisseria , Figure ) , or by expressing diverse oligosaccharide extensions (in the case of NTHi, Figure ) , on an inner core region that is common among the strains of each species. These highly variable core OS glycoforms, whose occurrence is correlated to phase variation phenomena, have several peculiarities, all likely correlating with the escaping strategy adopted by both pathogens.…”

Section: Immunology Of the Lps: The Bacterial Perspective And The “Es...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This property is then exploited by pathogens, such as NTHi and Neisseria , to escape elimination. In addition, this sugar provides a strong negative charge and hydrophilicity to the bacterial surface; this reduces the potential for hydrophobic interactions with host immune factors aimed at the clearance of the bacterium from the site of infection …”

Section: Immunology Of the Lps: The Bacterial Perspective And The “Es...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Journey from Structure to Function of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

et al. 2021

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from environmental stress factors, in drug resistance, in pathogenesis, and in symbiosis. During the last decades, LPS has been thoroughly dissected, and massive information on this fascinating biomolecule is now available. In this Review, we will give the reader a third millennium update of the current knowledge of LPS with key information on the inherent peculiar carbohydrate chemistry due to often puzzling sugar residues that are uniquely found on it. Then, we will drive the reader through the complex and multifarious immunological outcomes that any given LPS can raise, which is strictly dependent on its chemical structure. Further, we will argue about issues that still remain unresolved and that would represent the immediate future of LPS research. It is critical to address these points to complete our notions on LPS chemistry, functions, and roles, in turn leading to innovative ways to manipulate the processes involving such a still controversial and intriguing biomolecule.

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Section: Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunology Of the Lps: The Bacterial Perspective And The “Es...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunology Of the Lps: The Bacterial Perspective And The “Es...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunology Of the Lps: The Bacterial Perspective And The “Es...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Journey from Structure to Function of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

et al. 2021

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Pushing the Boundaries of Structural Heterogeneity with the Lipid A of Marine Bacteria Cellulophaga

et al. 2023

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Marine bacteria, which are often described as chemical gold, are considered an exceptional source of new therapeutics. Considerable research interest has been given to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), the main components of the Gram-negative outer membrane. LPS and its lipid A portion from marine bacteria are known to exhibit a tricky chemistry that has been often associated with intriguing properties such as behaving as immune adjuvants or anti-sepsis molecules. In this scenario, we report the structural determination of the lipid A from three marine bacteria within the Cellulophaga genus, which showed to produce an extremely heterogenous blend of tetra-to hexaacylated lipid A species, mostly carrying one phosphate and one D-mannose on the glucosamine disaccharide backbone. The ability of the three LPSs in activating TLR4 signaling revealed a weaker immunopotential by C. baltica NNO 15840 T and C. tyrosinoxydans EM41 T , while C. algicola ACAM 630 T behaved as a more potent TLR4 activator.

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Increasing outer membrane complexity: the case of the lipopolysaccharide lipid A from marine Cellulophaga pacifica

Andretta,

De Chiara,

Pagliuca

et al. 2024

Glycoconj J

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Gram-negative bacteria living in marine waters have evolved peculiar adaptation strategies to deal with the numerous stress conditions that characterize aquatic environments. Among the multiple mechanisms for efficient adaptation, these bacteria typically exhibit chemical modifications in the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a fundamental component of their outer membrane. In particular, the glycolipid anchor to the membrane of marine bacteria LPSs, i.e. the lipid A, frequently shows unusual chemical structures, which are reflected in equally singular immunological properties with potential applications as immune adjuvants or anti-sepsis drugs. In this work, we determined the chemical structure of the lipid A from Cellulophaga pacifica KMM 3664T isolated from the Sea of Japan. This bacterium showed to produce a heterogeneous mixture of lipid A molecules that mainly display five acyl chains and carry a single phosphate and a D-mannose disaccharide on the glucosamine backbone. Furthermore, we proved that C. pacifica KMM 3664T LPS acts as a weaker activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) compared to the prototypical enterobacterial Salmonella typhimurium LPS. Our results are relevant to the future development of novel vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators inspired by marine LPS chemistry.

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Glycans in Bacterial Infections: Gram-Negative Infections in the Respiratory Tract

Cited by 3 publications

References 106 publications

A Journey from Structure to Function of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

A Journey from Structure to Function of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

Pushing the Boundaries of Structural Heterogeneity with the Lipid A of Marine Bacteria Cellulophaga

Increasing outer membrane complexity: the case of the lipopolysaccharide lipid A from marine Cellulophaga pacifica

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