Glycated hemoglobin influence on periodontal status, pathogens and salivary interleukins in type II diabetic Tunisian subjects with chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Background/purpose Studies have shown that there is a possible correlation between the amount of glycated hemoglobin and the periodontal status. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the prevalence of gingival pathogens and circulating interleukin levels in type II diabetic Tunisian subjects. Material and methods The research included four groups; 30 healthy subjects (H group), 30 non-diabetic subjects suffering from chronic periodontitis (CP group). Type-II diabetic patients were divided according to HbA1c level into 30 adequately-controlled type-II diabetes subjects (HbA1c ≤ 7 percent (ATIID&CP group)) and 30 inadequately-controlled type-II diabetes subjects and HbA1c > 7 percent (ITIID&CP group). Clinical periodontal condition parameters and assessment of salivary interleukin IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 were assessed. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction used for detection of Subgingival biofilm of periodontal pathogens. Results Clinical parameters analyzed were positively associated with HbA1c levels (p < 0.05). A. Actinomycetemcomitans were found in 80 percent of ITIID&CP, 65 percent of CP and almost absent in H group. Porphyromonas gingivalis was present in 100 percent of CP, 85 percent of ITIID&CP, 50 percent of ATIID&CP and 3 percent of H group . T. Denticola had an equivalent occurrence. While Tannerella forsythia was scarce in ITIID&CP groups, but abundant in the H group. ITIID&CP had the highest IL-6 and IL-1beta/IL-10 ratios. Conclusion HBA1c levels affect periodontal status, pathogens and salivary interleukins in Type-II diabetic Tunisians with chronic periodontitis, compared with stable and chronic periodontitis groups and can interact with periodontal infections and increase the inflammatory state.

Effect of endodontic treatment on clinical outcome in type 2 diabetic patients with apical periodontitis

“…The recent studies in DM patients also revealed a decrease in HbA1c after a periodontal treatment. 40 However, in contrast to the ndings of Cintra et al 41 , they demonstrated that the increase of HbA1c is regardless of the presence of AP and/or periodontal disease. As in our study, no statistically insigni cant obtained between the groups in short-term is somewhat due to the reason that periapical healing is sometimes slow and nal results may not be possible to assess in a short time.…”

Exploring Interleukin-10 Levels in Diabetes Patients with and without Oral Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the studies reviewed based on the year of publication. The USA 34 , 43 , 44 conducted three of the articles, with one each from India, 35 Iran, 36 China (two articles), 37 , 38 Egypt, 39 Tunisia, 41 and Brazil (two articles). 40 , 42 The research participant count in each article ranges from 15 to 248 diabetic patients, resulting in a total of 801 diabetic patients, both with and without oral diseases.…”

“…Table 1 shows that the studies were conducted in type 2 diabetes populations in the USA, 34 , 43 , 44 India, 35 Iran, 36 China, 37 , 38 Egypt, 39 Brazil, 40 , 42 and Tunisia. 41 The most observed DM-related oral diseases were periodontitis, with 10 articles, and one article discussed oral candidiasis. Samples taken to check IL-10 were generally from blood, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and gingival tissue.…”

“… Higher levels of IL-10 were found in the DM group. 8 Kassab et al, 2021 41 Tunisia To analyze the correlation between HbA1c and the prevalence of gingival pathogens and circulating interleukin levels in T2D Tunisian subjects. 120 subjects divided into 4 groups.…”

Adjunctive systemic antibiotic effect on periodontal state, salivary enzyme activity, and glycemia imbalance in type-2 diabetics after non-surgical periodontal management

“…Samples were immediately put on ice and then transferred to the laboratory. After sampling, aliquots were prepared, and the samples were frozen at−80 C until an analysis was carried out [ 13 ].…”