Glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction Ethiopia recorded the highest numbers of people with diabetes in Africa. It is not uncommon for diabetic patients to have poor glycemic control leading to a number of complications. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the level of glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia by combining the studies from the existing literature. Materials and methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was employed to plan and conduct this review. A comprehensive electronic-based literature search was conducted in the databases of MEDLINE, HINARI, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and SCIENCEDIRECT. Open meta-analyst software was used to perform meta-analyses. Proportions of good glycemic control among diabetic patients was calculated. Odds ratio was also calculated to check the presence of statistically significant difference in glycemic control among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Results A total of 22 studies were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis of 16 studies showed that only one-third of patients [34.4% (95% CI: 27.9%-40.9%), p<0.001] achieving good glycemic control based on fasting plasma glucose measurements. Similar to the studies that used fasting plasma glucose, the rate of good glycemic control was found to be 33.2% [(95% CI: 21.8%-44.6%), p<0.001] based on glycosylated hemoglobin measurements. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of glycemic control between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (p = 0.167). Conclusion High proportion of diabetic patients were unable to achieve good glycemic control. There was no difference in glycemic control among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.

Evaluation of glycemic control status and its associated factors among diabetes patients on follow-up at referral hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study, 2020

“…The observed magnitude of suboptimal glycemic control status in this study is comparable with previous related studies conducted among diabetic patients in southwest parts of Ethiopia [ 25 , 26 ]. The finding of this study is also similar to the result of a systematic review and meta-analysis study carried in Ethiopia [ 17 ] and Costa Rica [ 27 ]. On the other hand, the magnitude of glycemic control in the current study was higher than other related primary studies carried out in Ethiopia [ 18 , 28 , 29 ], Kenya [ 30 ], and Zambia [ 31 ].…”

“…In Ethiopia, some studies, including a systematic review and meta-analysis, were conducted evaluating the status of glycemic control and some factors associated with it [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The systematic review and meta-analysis determined suboptimal glycemic control to be about 76.8% in Ethiopia.…”

Glycemic Control and its Predictors among Adult Diabetic Patients attending Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study

“…The obstacles to addressing diabetes in developing countries, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa, are a limited understanding of its prevalence, modifiable risk factors and complications arising from under-recognition and/or under-treatment [5]. Ethiopia has been found to have the highest number of people with diabetes in Africa, with an estimated 2.6 million people with diabetes [6].…”

“…Globally, about 40.0-60.0% of patients with diabetes have poorly controlled blood glucose [10]. One study conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa showed that 74.0% of patients with diabetes had poor glycemic control [11] and that in Ethiopia specifically, a large proportion of patients with diabetes (65.6-66.8%) were not able to achieve good glycemic control [6]. Glycemic control remains a challenging task, with the majority of patients failing to achieve a good glycemic status.…”

Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

“…In 2015, there were over 1.33 million diabetic cases in Ethiopia, giving a prevalence rate of 2.9% among people of 20-70 years of age [1]. Recent systemic review and metanalysis study on glycemic control in Ethiopia indicated that there is a high proportion of diabetic patients who were unable to achieve optimal glucose level, with no difference between T1DM and T2DM [9].…”