Glycemic control improvement in individuals with type 2 diabetes with vitamin K2 supplementation: a randomized controlled trial

Sakak, Fatemeh Rahimi; Moslehi, Nazanin; Niroomand, Mahtab; Mirmiran, Parvin

doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02419-6

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After 12-weeks, the T2D patients in the MK-7 group had significantly lower levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c compared with the placebo group, while again, no significant changes were noticed in the lipid profiles. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR significantly decreased in the MK-7 group compared to baseline, suggesting a decrease in insulin resistance [143].…”

Section: The Effects Of Vitamin K On Metabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

2021

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As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.

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Section: The Effects Of Vitamin K On Metabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

2021

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“…The study's sample size was calculated based on the primary outcomes of the study [14]. The SPSS version 21 software was used to determine the statistical analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original study design, which aimed to assess the effects of MK-7 on FPG and HbA1c in participants with diabetes, was reported in detail previously [14]. Briefly, in this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 68 patients with diabetes medicated with oral hypoglycemic drugs, aged 30-70, had at least one-year history of diabetes, and HbA1c between 6.5 and 10%, participated.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following indexes were calculated: Other clinical variables analysis Data on disease duration, demographic variables, and drug medications were collected by a designed questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated [14]. Physical activity and dietary intakes were assessed at baseline and end of the trial using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and three 24-h food recalls, respectively.…”

Section: Biological Variables Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin K and CVD risks in patients with T2DM deserve further investigations because of the lower levels of vitamin K in the blood [12] and higher susceptibility to vascular calcification in this cohort of patients than healthy ones [13]. In a randomized clinical trial, we could find significant improvements in glycemic measures of FPG and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with T2DM with vitamin K2 supplementation in the form of menaquinone-7 (MK-7), compared to the placebo [14]. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the MK-7 supplementation at a dose of 360 μg/ d for 12 weeks could affect atherogenic status in patients with T2DM, assessed by eight different IR-related indexes, as secondary analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status of individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Sakak¹,

Moslehi²,

Abdi³

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background This study was aimed to examine the effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status, assessed by insulin resistance (IR)-related indexes, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In this double-blind, controlled trial, 68 patients with T2DM on the oral glucose-lowering medications were randomly allocated into two groups receiving daily intakes of 360 μg MK-7 or placebo for 12 weeks. Eight different IR-related indexes were calculated at the baseline and end of the trial. Results At the end of the study, atherogenic coefficient (mean ± SD: − 0.21 ± 0.45 vs. 0.02 ± 0.43; p = 0.043), triglyceride-glucose index (8.88 ± 0.55 vs. 9.23 ± 0.69; p = 0.029), and atherogenic index of plasma (0.37 ± 0.27 vs. 0.51 ± 0.24; p = 0.031) were significantly lower in the vitamin K2 group, compared to the placebo. However, after accounting for their baseline values, the differences were no more significant. No significant differences were observed in Castelli’s Ӏ and ӀӀ risk indexes, the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein combine index, and the metabolic score for insulin resistance index between the two groups at the end of the study. Conclusions Daily intakes of 360 μg vitamin K2 in the form of MK-7 for 12 weeks could not improve the IR-related indexes of Cardiovascular Diseases risk. Trial registration The trial was registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registry (Trial ID. IRCT20190824044592N1) on 22 December 2019. The record can be found at https://en.irct.ir/trial/41728.

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Short‐term impact of vitamin K2 supplementation on biochemical parameters and lipoprotein fractions

Barna,

Dunovska,

Cepova

et al. 2024

Electrophoresis

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This study explored the short‐term effects of vitamin K2 (VK2) supplementation on biochemical parameters (vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus (P), magnesium, metallothionein, triglycerides, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipoprotein fractions (albumin, HDL, very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, and chylomicrons). A short‐term experiment (24 h, six probands) was performed to track changes in VK2 levels after a single‐dose intake (360 µg/day). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor vitamin K levels (menaquinone‐4 (MK‐4), menaquinone‐7 (MK‐7), and vitamin K1 [VK1]) with a limit of detection of 1.9 pg/mL for VK1 and 3.8 pg/mL for the two forms of VK2. Results showed that MK‐7 levels significantly increased within 2–6 h post‐administration and then gradually declined. MK‐4 levels were initially low, showing a slight increase, whereas VK1 levels rose initially and then decreased. Biochemical analyses indicated no significant changes in sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, albumin, or total protein levels. A transient increase in P was observed, peaking at 12 h before returning to baseline. Agarose gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein fractions revealed distinct chylomicron bands and variations in VLDL and HDL mobility, influenced by dietary lipids and VK2 supplementation. These findings suggest effective absorption and metabolism of MK‐7 with potential implications for bone metabolism and cardiovascular health.

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Glycemic control improvement in individuals with type 2 diabetes with vitamin K2 supplementation: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

Effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status of individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Short‐term impact of vitamin K2 supplementation on biochemical parameters and lipoprotein fractions

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