Glycemic Index and Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Among US Adults

Ford, Earl S.; Liu, Simin

doi:10.1001/archinte.161.4.572

Cited by 239 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…Studies have demonstrated an association between quality as well as quantity of dietary carbohydrates in Europeans (Ford and Liu, 2001;Liu et al, 2001) and one in an Asian (Japanese) population (Amano et al, 2004;Murakami et al, 2006). This study differs from the earlier studies in that it was done in Asian Indians who are at much higher risk of premature CAD (McKeigue, 1992;Reddy and Yusuf, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Studies have shown that an increased intake of carbohydrates can lower serum HDL-C concentrations (Mancini et al, 1973;Yagalla et al, 1996;Anwar et al, 2007). In addition to the quantitative relationship between carbohydrate intake and HDL-C concentration, recent studies suggest that glycemic load, which depends on both the quality as well as the amount of dietary carbohydrates, may also influence HDL-C concentrations (Ford and Liu, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among South Indian adults

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine the relationship between dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in Asian Indians, a high-risk group for diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. Subjects/methods: The study population comprised of 2043 individuals aged X20 years randomly selected from Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES), an ongoing population-based study on a representative population of Chennai (formerly Madras) city in southern India. Participants with self-reported history of diabetes or heart disease or on drug therapy for dyslipidemia were excluded from the study. Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index and glycemic load were assessed using a validated interviewer administered semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Both dietary glycemic load (Po0.0001) and total dietary carbohydrate intake (Po0.001) were significantly associated with higher serum triglyceride levels and lower serum HDL-C levels. For the lowest to highest quintile of glycemic load, the multivariate-adjusted mean HDL-C values were 44.1 mg per 100 ml and 41.2 mg per 100 ml (6.6% difference, P for trendo0.001), while for total carbohydrate it was less (5% difference, P for trend ¼ 0.016). The pattern of decrease in HDL-C for the lowest to highest quintile of glycemic load was more pronounced among men (1st vs 5th quintile: adjusted HDL-C: 4.3 mg per 100 ml decrease (10.3%)) than women (1st vs 5th quintile: adjusted HDL-C: 3.2 mg per 100 ml decrease (6.9%)). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that both total carbohydrates and dietary glycemic load intake are inversely associated with plasma HDL-C concentrations among Asian Indians, with dietary glycemic load having a stronger association.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among South Indian adults

et al. 2007

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“…So, dietary GL would be a stronger predictor of CVD risk factor than carbohydrate intake. Other researches have examined the correlations between dietary GI or GL and risk factors adjusting further confounding factors such as smoking status and alcohol consumption (Frost et al, 1999;Buyken et al, 2001;Ford & Liu, 2001;Liu et al, 2001). In the current study, after adjusting for smoking status (number of cigarettes per day) and alcohol consumption (g/week) in addition to total energy intake, dietary fiber intake, age, and exercise time, Body weight (kg) 60.3 (56.7, 63.9) 63.5 (60.1, 66.9) 65.8 (59.7, 71.8) 0.403 60.0 (56.0, 64.0) 61.9 (58.4, 65.4) 67.6 (62.3, 72.9) 0.068 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 25.2 (23.8, 26.6) 26.3 (25.1, 27.4) 26.9 (25.0, 28.8) 0.237 25.2 (23.7, 26.7) 25.5 (24.4, 26.6) 27.6 (26.0, 29.3) there were still significant correlations between dietary GI and HDL-c (P ¼ 0.011), TG (P ¼ 0.045), and IRI (P ¼ 0.021) (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher dietary GI or GL was significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes (Salmeron et al, 1997a, b) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (Liu et al, 2000). Furthermore, an association between higher dietary GI or GL and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as lower HDLcholesterol (Frost et al, 1999;Ford & Liu, 2001;Liu et al, 2001), higher triacylglycerol (Wolever et al, 1995;Liu et al, 2001) and higher HbA 1c (Wolever et al, 1995;Buyken et al, 2001) as observed. These findings suggested the possible benefits that low GI or GL diet might have in the prevention and management of lifestyle-related disease such as diabetes and CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women

et al. 2004

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Objective: To examine the correlation between dietary glycemic index (GI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among subjects who consume white rice as a staple food. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the associations between dietary GI, dietary glycemic load (GL) and dietary intakes, and CVD risk factors. Dietary GI and GL were calculated from a 3-day (including two consecutive weekdays and one holiday) dietary records. Setting: A weight-reduction program at a municipal health center in Tokyo, Japan. Subjects: A total of 32 women aged 52.577.2 y participated in the weight-reduction program. Result: The GI food list made for the current study calculated for 91% of carbohydrate intakes measured. The mean dietary GI was 6476, and the mean dietary GL was 150737. Individuals in the highest tertile of GI consumed more carbohydrate, mostly from white rice (Po0.001), and less fat (Po0.01). Individuals in all three groups by tertile of GL showed similar tendencies. In the lowest GI tertile, the highest concentration of HDL-cholesterol and lowest concentration of triacylglycerol and immunoreactive insulin were observed (Po0.01). In the lowest GL tertile, the highest concentration of HDL-cholesterol and the lowest concentration of triacylglycerol were observed (Po0.05). Conclusion: Calculated dietary GI and GL were positively associated with CVD risk factors among the Japanese women who consumed white rice as a staple food.

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“…Lowering the dietary GI by at least 12 points reduced triglycerides by approximately 9% in 10 out of 11 studies (Brand Miller, 1994) and recent data showed that a high carbohydrate diet made of low-GI foods significantly increased HDL levels by 5.4% compared to an isocaloric high carbohydrate=high GI diet (Luscombe et al, 1999). In addition, cross-sectional data (Frost et al, 1999;Ford & Liu, 2001) showed that dietary GI was inversely related to HDL cholesterol levels, which in turn were inversely related to triglycerides, and that GI was a stronger predictor of serum HDL levels than dietary fat (Frost et al, 1999). Other investigators have shown that the unwanted HDL reductions seen with some high carbohydrate diets may be transient (Heilbronn et al, 1999).…”

Section: The Glycemic Index In Coronary Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

et al. 2002

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Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

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Glycemic Index and Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Among US Adults

Abstract: These findings from a nationally representative sample of US adults suggest that high dietary glycemic index and high glycemic load are associated with a lower concentration of plasma HDL-C.

Cited by 239 publications

References 19 publications

Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among South Indian adults

Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among South Indian adults

Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

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