Glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses after oral trehalose ingestion in healthy subjects

Abstract

BackgroundTrehalose is hydrolyzed by a specific intestinal brush-border disaccharidase (trehalase) into two glucose molecules. In animal studies, trehalose has been shown to prevent adipocyte hypertrophy and mitigate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Recently, we found that trehalose improved glucose tolerance in human subjects. However, the underlying metabolic responses after trehalose ingestion in humans are not well understood. Therefore, we examined the glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses after trehalose ingestion in healthy Japanese volunteers.MethodsIn a crossover study, 20 fasted healthy volunteers consumed 25 g trehalose or glucose in 100 mL water. Blood samples were taken frequently over the following 3 h, and blood glucose, insulin, active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured.ResultsTrehalose ingestion did not evoke rapid increases in blood glucose levels, and had a lower stimulatory potency of insulin and active GIP secretion compared with glucose ingestion. Conversely, active GLP-1 showed higher levels from 45 to 180 min after trehalose ingestion as compared with glucose ingestion. Specifically, active GIP secretion, which induces fat accumulation, was markedly lower after trehalose ingestion.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that trehalose may be a useful saccharide for good health because of properties that do not stimulate rapid increases in blood glucose and excessive secretion of insulin and GIP promoting fat accumulation.

Trehalose as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

“…Therefore, it acts in the form of a disaccharide in peripheral tissues and cells. In healthy humans, trehalose ingestion des not induce rapid changes in blood glucose (Yoshizane et al, 2017). As such, after oral administration, trehalose was detected in the peripheral circulation in mice Mayer et al, 2016;Yoshizane et al, 2017).…”

“…In healthy humans, trehalose ingestion des not induce rapid changes in blood glucose (Yoshizane et al, 2017). As such, after oral administration, trehalose was detected in the peripheral circulation in mice Mayer et al, 2016;Yoshizane et al, 2017). The non-toxic nature of trehalose makes it a favourable pharmacological agent, and no adverse effects were determined for doses up to 10% in safety studies in humans (Richards et al, 2002).…”

“…Trehalose acts as a bioprotectant and protects cells against a wide variety of environmental conditions including heat, cold, desiccation, dehydration, and oxidation (Chen & Haddad, 2004). In healthy humans, trehalose ingestion des not induce rapid changes in blood glucose (Yoshizane et al, 2017). Therefore, it acts in the form of a disaccharide in peripheral tissues and cells.…”

“…Trehalose contains no reducing end hydroxyl group, which makes it a stable molecule unable to take part in glycation reactions and prevents it from being metabolized (Chen & Haddad, 2004;Ohtake & Wang, 2011). As such, after oral administration, trehalose was detected in the peripheral circulation in mice Mayer et al, 2016;Yoshizane et al, 2017). In healthy humans, trehalose ingestion des not induce rapid changes in blood glucose (Yoshizane et al, 2017).…”

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“…Trehalose impact on fruit product quality was extensively studied and it was proven that trehalose could have a positive impact on flavour compounds. Also, some health benefits of trehalose were also pointed out, such as its anti-cariogenic effect, and slow release of glucose in the blood not causing rapid increase of glycemic index (van Chan et al, 2012;Yoshizane et al, 2017). These benefits could be also useful in formulation of innovative and functional foods.…”