Glycerin Derivatives as Fuel Additives: The Addition of Glycerol/Acetone Ketal (Solketal) in Gasolines

Mota, Cláudio J. A.; Silva, Carolina X. A. da; Rosenbach, Nilton; Costa, J. C. Da Diniz; Silva, Flávia da

doi:10.1021/ef9015735

Cited by 224 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

119

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, Motta et al 180 showed that solketal blended in 1, 3 and 5 vol% with regular gasoline reduced the gum formation and increased the octane number up to 2.5 points.…”

Section: Glycerol Acetalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives from cellulose, hemicellulose and triglycerides derived platform molecules are discussed. Thus, it is shown that a series of platform molecules such as levulinic acid, furans, fatty acids and polyols can be converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification, etherification, and acetalization reactions. Moreover, we will show that liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, decarbonylation/descarboxylation etc.) with the adjustment of the molecular weight via C-C coupling reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, oligomerization, ketonization) of the reactive platform molecules.

show abstract

“…For instance, Motta et al 180 showed that solketal blended in 1, 3 and 5 vol% with regular gasoline reduced the gum formation and increased the octane number up to 2.5 points.…”

Section: Glycerol Acetalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The world forecast for glycerol production from biodiesel points to an increasing supply, with net global production around 1.2 million tons by 2012 [17], so that the excess glycerol generated may become an environmental problem, since it cannot be disposed of in the environment [18]. Thus, the transformation of waste glycerol into oxygen-containing branched compounds it is being currently considered as an interesting solution to provide an outlet for increasing glycerol stocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuel that Keeps Glycerol as Monoglyceride by 1,3-Selective Ethanolysis with Pig Pancreatic Lipase Covalently Immobilized on AlPO4 Support

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By using pig pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL) as a biocatalyst, covalently immobilized on amorphous AlPO 4 support, a new second generation biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a 2:1 molar ratio. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuels composition, has similar physicochemical properties as conventional biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of the by-product by washing of the biodiesel with water. Immobilization of PPL was achieved by covalent attachment of the ε-amino group of the lysine residues of PPL with the aldehyde groups of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde linked on a hybrid organic-inorganic functionalized AlPO 4 surface. With this procedure, the PPL biocatalyst was strongly fixed to the inorganic support surface (94.3%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was relatively lower compared to that of the free PPL, but it showed a remarkable stability as well as a great capacity of reutilization (25 reuses) without a significant loss of its initial OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 3880 catalytic activity. Therefore, this enzymatic method allows the production of a biodiesel which integrates the glycerol, allows a more efficient fabrication method and minimizes the waste production as compared to the conventional alkali-catalyzed process.

show abstract

“…14,15 Glycerol ketals and acetals are formed in the acid-catalyzed reactions with ketones and aldehydes, respectively. 16,17 Solketal, the product formed in the reaction of glycerol with acetone, is a potential additive for gasoline, 18 whereas the acetals formed in the reaction of glycerol with butanal improves the cold flow properties of biodiesel. 19 Metal-supported catalysts are usually employed in the glycerol oxidation, producing many compounds, such as glyceric, mesoxalic and hydropyruvic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative dehydration of glycerol to acrylic acid over vanadium-impregnated zeolite beta

Pestana¹,

Guerra²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2013

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A desidratação oxidativa do glicerol a ácido acrílico foi estudada com o uso de zeólita Beta impregnada com vanádio. Os catalisadores foram preparados por impregnação úmida do metavanadato de amônio sobre a zeólita Beta na forma amoniacal, seguida de calcinação em ar a 823 K. A impregnação reduziu a área superficial específica, mas não afetou significativamente a acidez (Brønsted e Lewis) da zeólita. A avaliação dos catalisadores foi realizada num reator de leito fixo usando ar como gás de arraste e injetando o glicerol por meio de uma bomba seringa. Acroleína foi o principal produto formado, tendo também sido observados acetaldeído e hidróxi-acetona (acetol). O ácido acrílico foi formado em aproximadamente 25% de seletividade a 548 K sobre as zeólitas impregnadas. O resultado pode ser explicado por análises de XPS (espectroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios X), que mostraram uma boa dispersão de vanádio nos poros da zeólita.The oxidative dehydration of glycerol to acrylic acid was studied over vanadium-impregnated zeolite Beta. Catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation of ammonium metavanadate over ammonium-exchanged zeolite Beta, followed by air calcination at 823 K. Impregnation reduced the specific surface area, but did not significantly affected the acidity (Brønsted and Lewis) of the zeolites. The catalytic evaluation was carried out in a fixed bed flow reactor using air as the carrier and injecting glycerol by means of a syringe pump. Acrolein was the main product, with acetaldehyde and hydroxy-acetone (acetol) being also formed. Acrylic acid was formed with approximately 25% selectivity at 548 K over the impregnated zeolites. The result can be explained by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measurements, which indicated a good dispersion of the vanadium inside the pores.Keywords: glycerol, acrylic acid, zeolite, dehydration, oxidation IntroductionGlycerol is usually found in combination with fatty acids of natural occurrence forming the triglycerides. Today, the major source of glycerol is the transesterification of oils and fats to produce biodiesel. 1 In this reaction, a molecule of triglyceride reacts with three molecules of methanol, under base catalysis conditions, to afford three molecules of fatty acid methyl esters (the biodiesel) and a molecule of glycerol (Scheme 1). In recent years, the growing concern about global warming has motivated the use of biofuels. Biodiesel, together with bioethanol, is one of the most important biofuels used nowadays.For each 90 m 3 of biodiesel produced by transesterification, about 10 m 3 of glycerol are obtained. The worldwide glycerol production will reached 2 approximately 1.2 million tons in 2012 and most of this production will come from the biodiesel industry. In Brazil, for instance, there is a mandatory blend of 5% of biodiesel in the petrodiesel, which represents an annual glycerol production of approximately 300,000 tons. The traditional markets for glycerol are cosmetics, soaps, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. However, with the increasing ...

show abstract

Glycerin Derivatives as Fuel Additives: The Addition of Glycerol/Acetone Ketal (Solketal) in Gasolines

Cited by 224 publications

References 30 publications

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Biofuel that Keeps Glycerol as Monoglyceride by 1,3-Selective Ethanolysis with Pig Pancreatic Lipase Covalently Immobilized on AlPO4 Support

Oxidative dehydration of glycerol to acrylic acid over vanadium-impregnated zeolite beta

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About