Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions

Fluhr, Joachim W.; Darlenski, Razvigor; Surber, Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08643.x

Cited by 247 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins through which water can flow more rapidly inside the cell than by diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer of the cellular membrane. AQP3 is a transporter of water and glycerol that is mainly expressed in the plasma membrane of keratinocytes of the basal layer of epidermis in normal skin (Fluhr et al, 2008;Hara-Chikuma and Verkman, 2008;BouryJamot et al, 2009). Interestingly, transcripts of AQP3 were strongly up-regulated in fibroblasts treated with NannoG even after treatment with H 2 O 2 , in contrast to control and H 2 O 2 -stressed cells.…”

Section: Nannog Positively Regulated Genes Involves In Skin Texture Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Protective Effects of Nannochloropsis gaditana Extract on H2O2-Stressed Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Letsiou¹,

Kalliampakou

Gardikis³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Nowadays, there is huge interest in natural products obtained from marine organisms that can promote a state of health and well-being for humans. Microalgae represent a primary source of bioactive compounds that could be used as functional ingredients in cosmetic formulations. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of Nannochloropsis gaditana extract against oxidative stress in human primary fibroblasts so as to investigate the potential applications of it in cosmetics. To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of N. gaditana bioactivity, we developed a new RT-qPCR platform for studying transcript accumulation for an array of selected genes (up to 100) involved in many skin-related processes including anti-aging, hydration, oxidative stress response, and DNA damage. For the oxidative stress evaluation, H 2 O 2 was used as a stressor. The study of the transcript accumulation of genes revealed that N. gaditana extract exhibits skin protection properties by mediating oxidative responses and apoptosis (including SOD1, GPX1, BID), positively regulates genes involves in skin texture and hydration (including AQP3, Col6A1, FBN1) and modulates the expression of genes involved in skin irritation, DNA damage and aging (including IL1R, PCNA, FOXO3). These findings indicate that the specific N. gaditana extract possesses significant in vitro skin protection activity against induced oxidative stress, and provide new insights into the beneficial role of microalgae bioactive compounds in cosmetic formulations protecting skin from oxidative stress.

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Section: Nannog Positively Regulated Genes Involves In Skin Texture Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Protective Effects of Nannochloropsis gaditana Extract on H2O2-Stressed Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Letsiou¹,

Kalliampakou

Gardikis³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Further, glycerol may interact with SC lipid structures and proteins, altering their water-binding and/or hydrophilic properties [74]. The hydrating effect of glycerol has been shown in a number of animal experiments and human studies [75]. Furthermore, glycerol promotes skin barrier function [76,77].…”

Section: Barrier Restoring Therapies Moisturizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Targeting of the Epidermal Barrier

Kemény¹,

Nagy²,

Csoma³

et al. 2016

CPD

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The most important function of the skin is to form a barrier between the body and the external environment. The epidermal barrier prevents transepidermal water loss from the skin, but also serves as a barrier to the entry of harmful environmental allergic, toxic or infectious substances. Inherited defects in the genes encoding the components of the epidermal barrier result in the development of rare genetic disorders, whereas polymorphisms in these genes together with environmental factors cause frequent inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. In this review, components of the skin-barrier function will be reviewed with special emphasis on how the altered epidermal barrier might be repaired. The different strategies to increase the transdermal penetration of drugs is also discussed.3

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“…37 The important pharmacological properties of glycerol visually confirmed by preliminary clarity studies [37][38][39] are as follows: it is hygroscopic, has keratolytic effect by desmosome degradation, has smoothing effects, and protects emulsion systems against irritations. Additionally, treatments with glycerol in water reversed skin dryness and erythema.…”

Section: Screening Emulsion In Phase-diagram Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

Su¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

IJN

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This research aimed to develop and optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing ceramide IIIB using phase-inversion composition for transdermal delivery. The effects of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol in octyldodecanol and Tween 80 systems on the size of the nanoemulsion region in the phase diagrams were investigated using water titration. Subsequently, ceramide IIIB loading was kept constant (0.05 wt%), and the proposed formulation and conditions were optimized via preliminary screening and experimental design. Factors such as octyldodecanol/(Tween 80:glycerol) weight ratio, water content, temperature, addition rate, and mixing rate were investigated in the preliminary screening experiment. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of water content (30%–70%, w/w), mixing rate (400–720 rpm), temperature (20°C–60°C), and addition rate (0.3–1.8 mL/min) on droplet size and polydispersity index. The mathematical model showed that the optimum formulation and conditions for preparation of ceramide IIIB nanoemulsion with desirable criteria were a temperature of 41.49°C, addition rate of 1.74 mL/min, water content of 55.08 wt%, and mixing rate of 720 rpm. Under optimum formulation conditions, the corresponding predicted response values for droplet size and polydispersity index were 15.51 nm and 0.12, respectively, which showed excellent agreement with the actual values (15.8 nm and 0.108, respectively), with no significant ( P >0.05) differences.

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Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions

Cited by 247 publications

References 73 publications

Skin Protective Effects of Nannochloropsis gaditana Extract on H2O2-Stressed Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Skin Protective Effects of Nannochloropsis gaditana Extract on H2O2-Stressed Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Pharmacological Targeting of the Epidermal Barrier

Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

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