Glycerol concentrations in crop plants

Gerber, Dennis W.; Byerrum, Richard U.; Gee, Robert; Tolbert, N. E.

doi:10.1016/0168-9452(88)90182-3

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It emerges that glycerol is a bona fide significant transport nutrient based on our data and known observations of other workers summarized below. 1) Glycerol is a metabolite existing in plant cells at a concentration of 1-2 mol/g fresh weight (33). Consistent with this, our results showed that glycerol content in the inoculated leaf was about 1.8 mol/g fresh weight, which can be roughly translated as 1-2 mM, a concentration sufficient to support both the wild-type and mutant growth in a minimal medium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Targeted Gene Disruption of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Reveals Evidence That Glycerol Is a Significant Transferred Nutrient from Host Plant to Fungal Pathogen

Wei

Shen

Dauk

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Unidirectional transfer of nutrients from plant host to pathogen represents a most revealing aspect of the parasitic lifestyle of plant pathogens. Whereas much effort has been focused on sugars and amino acids, the identification of other significant metabolites is equally important for comprehensive characterization of metabolic interactions between plants and biotrophic fungal pathogens. Employing a strategy of targeted gene disruption, we generated a mutant strain (gpdh⌬) defective in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae. The gpdh⌬ strain had severe defects in carbon utilization as it could use neither glucose nor amino acids for sustained growth. Although the mutant mycelia were able to grow on potato dextrose agar medium, they displayed arrhythmicity in growth and failure to conidiate. The metabolic defect of gpdh⌬ could be entirely ameliorated by glycerol in chemically defined minimal medium. Furthermore, glycerol was the one and only metabolite that could restore rhythmic growth and conidiation of gpdh⌬. Despite the profound defects in carbon source utilization, in planta the gpdh⌬ strain exhibited normal pathogenicity, proceeded normally in its life cycle, and produced abundant conidia. Analysis of plant tissues at the peripheral zone of fungal infection sites revealed a time-dependent reduction in glycerol content. This study provides strong evidence for a role of glycerol as a significant transferred metabolite from plant to fungal pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Infection-Free glycerol is a metabolite widely distributed in plant tissues (33). We inoculated detached mallow leaves with wild-type C. gloeosporioides conidia, and harvested leaf discs surrounding the infection sites at different time points for glycerol content measurement.…”

Section: Glycerol Content Of Infected Plant Leaf Displayed a Time-depmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Gene Disruption of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Reveals Evidence That Glycerol Is a Significant Transferred Nutrient from Host Plant to Fungal Pathogen

Wei

Shen

Dauk

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…However, the physiological significance of glycerol permeation through plant MIPs is questionable. Glycerol concentrations are generally very low in plants (Gerber et al 1988) and glycerol channelling could simply be the consequence of the structural similarity of glycerol to metalloids . Transient glycerol accumulation inside the vacuolar lumen could result from phospholipid catabolism after autophagic recycling of membranes, as has been shown to occur during starvationinduced autophagy (Aubert et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life with and without AtTIP1;1, an Arabidopsis aquaporin preferentially localized in the apposing tonoplasts of adjacent vacuoles

et al. 2009

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The Arabidopsis thaliana Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein 1;1 (AtTIP1;1) is a member of the tonoplast aquaporin family. The tissue-specific expression pattern and intracellular localization of AtTIP1;1 were characterized using GUS and GFP fusion genes. Results indicate that AtTIP1;1 is expressed in almost all cell types with the notable exception of meristematic cells. The highest level of AtTIP1;1 expression was detected in vessel-flanking cells in vascular bundles. AtTIP1;1-GFP fusion protein labelled the tonoplast of the central vacuole and other smaller peripheral vacuoles. The fusion protein was not found evenly distributed along the tonoplast continuum but concentrated in contact zones of tonoplasts from adjacent vacuoles and in invaginations of the central vacuole. Such invaginations may result from partially engulfed small vacuoles. A knockout mutant was isolated and characterized to gain insight into AtTIP1;1 function. No phenotypic alteration was found under optimal growth conditions indicating that AtTIP1;1 function is not essential to the plant and that some members of the TIP family may act redundantly to facilitate water flow across the tonoplast. However, a conditional root phenotype was observed when mutant plants were grown on a glycerol-containing medium.

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“…GLY and ROS may be involved in M. perniciosa dikaryotization in planta: a working hypothesis based on literature data and supported by in vitro experiments GLY can be utilized as a sole carbon and energy source by both bacteria and fungi and has been characterized as an important metabolite in plant cells at a concentration of 1-2 lmol/g fresh weight (Gerber et al, 1988). Unidirectional transfer of nutrients from plant host to pathogen represents a most revealing aspect of the parasitic lifestyle of plant pathogens.…”

Section: The Role Of Autophagy In M Perniciosa Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species and autophagy play a role in survival and differentiation of the phytopathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa

Pungartnik

Melo

Basso

et al. 2009

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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The hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa causes "witches' broom disease" in cacao (Theobroma cacao). During plant infection, M. perniciosa changes from mono to dikaryotic life form, an event which could be triggered by changes in plant nutritional offer and plant defense molecules, i.e., from high to low content of glycerol and hydrogen peroxide. We have recently shown that in vitro glycerol induces oxidative stress resistance in dikaryotic M. perniciosa. In order to understand under which conditions in parasite-plant interaction M. perniciosa changes from intercellular monokaryotic to intracellular dikaryotic growth phase we studied the role of glycerol on mutagen-induced oxidative stress resistance of basidiospores and monokaryotic hyphae; we also studied the role of H(2)O(2) as a signaling molecule for in vitro dikaryotization and whether changes in nutritional offer by the plant could be compensated by inducible fungal autophagy. Mono-/dikaryotic glycerol or glucose-grown cells and basidiospores were exposed to the oxidative stress-inducing mutagens H(2)O(2) and Paraquat as well as to pre-dominantly DNA damaging 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and UVC irradiation. Basidiospores showed highest resistance to all treatments and glycerol-grown monokaryotic hyphae were more resistant than dikaryotic hyphae. Monokaryotic cells exposed to 1microM of H(2)O(2) in glycerol-media induced formation of clamp connections within 2 days while 1mM H(2)O(2) did not within a week in the same medium; no clamp connections were formed in H(2)O(2)-containing glucose media within a week. Lower concentrations of H(2)O(2) and glycerol, when occurring in parallel, are shown to be two signals for dikaryotization in vitro and may be also during the course of infection. Q-PCR studies of glycerol-grown dikaryotic cells exposed to oxidative stress (10mM H(2)O(2)) showed high expression of MpSOD2 and transient induction of ABC cytoplasmic membrane transporter gene MpYOR1 and autophagy-related gene MpATG8. Expression of a second ABC transporter gene MpSNQ2 was 14-fold induced after H(2)O(2) exposure in glucose as compared to glycerol-grown hyphae while MpYOR1 did not show strong variation of expression under similar conditions. Glucose-grown dikaryotic cells showed elevated expression of MpATG8, especially after exposure to H(2)O(2) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. During different stages preceding basidiocarp formation MpATG8 and the two catalase-encoding genes MpCTA1 and MpCTT1 were expressed continuously. We have compiled our results and literature data in a model graph, which compares the in vitro and in planta development and differentiation of M. perniciosa with the help of physiological and morphological landmarks.

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Glycerol concentrations in crop plants

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Targeted Gene Disruption of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Reveals Evidence That Glycerol Is a Significant Transferred Nutrient from Host Plant to Fungal Pathogen

Targeted Gene Disruption of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Reveals Evidence That Glycerol Is a Significant Transferred Nutrient from Host Plant to Fungal Pathogen

Life with and without AtTIP1;1, an Arabidopsis aquaporin preferentially localized in the apposing tonoplasts of adjacent vacuoles

Reactive oxygen species and autophagy play a role in survival and differentiation of the phytopathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa

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