Glycerolysis of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) as Biodiesel Feedstock Using Heterogeneous Catalyst

Idris, Nur Azreena; Lau, Harrison Lik Nang; Wafti, Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd; Mustaffa, Nabilah Kamaliah; Loh, Soh Kheang

doi:10.1007/s12649-020-00995-6

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Plant oils are the most widely utilised feedstocks for the production of biodiesel; within vegetable oils, inedible oils are preferred due to their non-competitiveness with food and availability, and it grows with little stress (Idris et al, 2021;Sahu, 2021). Luffa oil is an inedible oil obtained from luffa plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and optimization of luffa oil transesterification via acid activated waste marble catalyst

Nwosu-Obieogu,

Maureen A. Allen,

Nwogu

et al. 2024

JGhIE

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This study assessed the performance of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) in modelling the transesterification of luffa oil using acid activated waste marble catalyst. The waste marble was activated with 0.5 molar sulphuric acid at 600 oC for 4 hours and was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, XRF, and BET; the characterization proved that the catalyst was successfully activated. The experiments were conducted at a catalyst dosage (1-5 wt. %), temperature (40-80 oC), methanol-oil ratio (4:1-12:1), time (1-3 hours), and agitation speed of (100- 500 rpm) with output as biodiesel yield. ANN was assessed using three back-propagation (BP) procedures, each comprising five neurons (input layer), one (output layer) and ten (hidden layer). The Levenberg Marquardt technique offered the most accurate prediction for luffa oil transesterification. The models were developed based on experimental and algorithm simulations and designs. The models' performance was assessed using the R2 and MSE. Regarding R2 and MSE, the ANN model (R2=9.9921E-1, MSE=0.06311) has a superior predictive capacity in forecasting the process than the RSM (R2=0.9885, MSE=0.86). At a catalyst concentration (3wt %), time (2 hours), temperature (60 oC), agitation speed (100 rpm) and methanol-oil ratio (12:1), the experimental (92.57 %), RSM predicted (94.0487 %) and ANN predicted (91.1768 %) biodiesel yield showed an agreement between the experimental and predicted values. The findings via physicochemical analysis, FT-IR, and GC-MS confirm that the biodiesel was within ASTM specifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and optimization of luffa oil transesterification via acid activated waste marble catalyst

Nwosu-Obieogu,

Maureen A. Allen,

Nwogu

et al. 2024

JGhIE

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“…Fatty acids (FAs) are promising alternative feedstocks to glucose and can be easily obtained from various sources, including waste oil, crude oil, and oil by‐products [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] . The metabolic profiles of FAs are far different from glucose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid feedstocks enable a highly efficient glyoxylate‐TCA cycle for high‐yield production of β‐alanine

Miao

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

mLife

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Metabolic engineering to produce tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-derived chemicals is usually associated with problems of low production yield and impaired cellular metabolism. In this work, we found that fatty acid (FA) feedstocks could enable high-yield production of TCA cycle-derived chemicals, while maintaining an efficient and balanced metabolic flux of the glyoxylate-TCA cycle, which is favorable for both product synthesis and cell growth. Here, we designed a novel synthetic pathway for production of β-alanine, an important TCA cycle-derived product, from FAs with a high theortecial yield of 1.391 g/g. By introducing panD, improving aspA, and knocking out iclR, glyoxylate shunt was highly activated in FAs and the yield of β-alanine reached 0.71 g/g from FAs, much higher than from glucose. Blocking the TCA cycle at icd/sucA/fumAC nodes could increase β-alanine yield in a flask cultivation, but severely reduced cell growth and FA utilization during fed-batch processes. Replenishing oxaloacetate by knocking out aspC and recovering fumAC could restore the growth and lead to a titer of 35.57 g/l. After relieving the oxidative stress caused by FA metabolism, β-alanine production could reach 72.05 g/l with a maximum yield of 1.24 g/g, about 86% of the theoretical yield. Our study thus provides a promising strategy for the production of TCA cycle-derived chemicals.

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“…Fatty acids (FAs) are promising alternative feedstocks to glucose and can be easily obtained from various kinds of waste oil, crude oil, and oil by-products. 12,13,14,15 . In our previously work, we found TCA cycle can be signi cantly activated when using FAs as feedstocks in an engineering Escherichia coli strain 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced glyoxylate shunt for efficient production of C4 derivatives using fatty acids feedstocks

Miao

Liu

wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Biosynthesis of TCA cycle-derived C4 chemicals through glyoxylate shunt is an attractive metabolic route because it can be drived by TCA-glyoxylate cycle force under aerobic conditions. However, yield of this route is low with at least 1/3 carbon loss from glucose. FAs could sufficiently provide acetyl-CoA by β-oxidation without carbon loss and directly enter the TCA-glyoxylate cycle, which is acknowledged as a promising alternative feedstock. Here β-alanine was selected as the target TCA cycle-derived chemical, of which the theoretical yield is 1.391 g/g FAs, much higher than that of glucose(0.49 g/g). By adopting multi-metabolic engineering strategies and relieving the active oxygen damage caused by FAs utilization, β-alanine production reached 78.05 g/L with a yield of 1.2 g/g, about 86% of theoretical yield. Our study establish a promising bioproduction route of β-alanine from waste FAs (such as gutter oil, palm fatty acid distillate etc.), and more importantly, provide an efficient platform for TCA cycle-derived C4 chemicals biosynthesis.

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Glycerolysis of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) as Biodiesel Feedstock Using Heterogeneous Catalyst

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Modelling and optimization of luffa oil transesterification via acid activated waste marble catalyst

Modelling and optimization of luffa oil transesterification via acid activated waste marble catalyst

Fatty acid feedstocks enable a highly efficient glyoxylate‐TCA cycle for high‐yield production of β‐alanine

Enhanced glyoxylate shunt for efficient production of C4 derivatives using fatty acids feedstocks

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