Glycerolysis Using Kf/Cao-Mgo Catalyst: Optimisation and Reaction Kinetics

Abstract

Monoglycerides can be produced through glycerolysis using a heterogeneous catalyst. The purpose of this study is to analyse the optimum conditions for the production of monoglycerides from glycerol and cooking oil using KF/CaO-MgO base catalysts and to investigate the kinetics of the monoglyceride glycerolysis reaction. The response surface method (RSM) was used to determine the favourable conditions by varying the catalyst amount (X1) between 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/w); the reaction temperature (X2) between 210, 220 and 230°C and reaction time (X3) between 2, 3 and 4 hours. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the monoglycerides, while catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The results showed that, among the three factors examined, temperature shows the most control over this glycerolysis reaction. The most favourable conditions are X1 = 0.19% (w/w), X2 = 208.37°C and X3 = 3.20 hours, which provide a monoglyceride yield of 41.58%. The constants for the reaction kinetics of the monoglyceride formation, k1 and k2 are 1.04189 and 0.88965 hour-1, respectively.

Optimization of Glycerolysis of Free Fatty Acids from Cocoa Bean with MgO Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology

“…From the analysis result shown in Table 5, the p-value in the model is < 0.0001, which is lower than the degree of significance ( = 0.05), indicating that the variable has a significant impact on the model. The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was used to express the quality of the conformity of the polynomial model (Buchori et al, 2020). The results of the analysis of variance on diacylglycerol production gave an R 2 of 98.58%.…”

Laminar Flame Characteristics of 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) Biofuel: A Comparative Review with Ethanol and Gasoline

“…The potential for the production of DMF is enormous because the raw materials for biorefineries derived from biomass are diverse and abundant. Recent advances in catalytic technology can accelerate the conversion of carbohydrate-like materials into furan-based fuels such as DMF (Onlamnao et al, 2020) (Pandey et al, 2022) (Guo et al, 2020) (Buchori et al, 2020). However, the achievements of conversion technology still do not mask the challenges of biomass pretreatment such as reactor selection, catalyst type, optimization of reaction conditions, and recovery solutions for by-product lines (Chiang et al, 2020) (Aghaei et al, 2020)(ZuoHua et al, 2021.…”