Glycidyl carbamate functional resins and their applications: a review

Abstract

The glycidyl carbamate functional group consists of an epoxide adjacent to a carbamate or urethane. Glycidyl carbamate functional resins are compounds that have two or more glycidyl carbamate groups. Glycidyl carbamate resins can be cured through the epoxy groups with any of the typical curing agents currently used for epoxy systems such as amines, anhydrides or phenolics. An advantage of glycidyl carbamate resins is that the end user can use epoxy curing chemistry to form thermosets and obtain a polyurethane without having to handle isocyanates. This review surveys the peer-reviewed and patent literature on glycidyl carbamate functional resins and their applications. Glycidyl carbamate compositions have been explored for use in adhesives, sealants, elastomers and coatings. In most of the reported studies, glycidyl carbamate resins offer improved adhesion, flexibility and faster curing compared to conventional epoxy resin systems, making it an attractive alternative thermosetting polymer system.

Glycidyl Carbamate Resins Synthesized through a Nonphosgene Route by Amidine-Based Superbases Using Recycled Polycarbonate

“…An alternative solution is to copolymerize epoxy resins through the incorporation of flexible polymers, such as acrylic melamine, polyaniline, and PU , to enhance the toughness and mechanical durability of the cured epoxy resins. In one example, GC resins are the glycidyl carbamate functional resins that consist of an epoxide adjacent to a carbamate functional group . The existence of carbamate linkages provides intermolecular reversible hydrogen bonds for energy absorption when stress is applied, resulting in materials with excellent combination of hardness, flexibility, and strong adhesion to metals.…”

Glycidate as a High-Strength Epoxy Adhesive Curable with Amine under Ambient Conditions

“…However, glycidyl ethers are of concern because of their toxicity to the environment and living organisms [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], and the development of alternatives is demanded. Other basic skeletons of epoxy resins involve glycidyl esters [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], glycidyl carbamates [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and alicyclic structures [ 17 , 18 ]. Some glycidyl esters commercialized consist of alicyclic structures [ 6 ].…”

“…Glycidyl carbamates are unique epoxides self-cross-linkable under temperature at approximately 140 °C. The cured products are hard, solvent resistant, and flexible [ 16 ]. However, these epoxides still cannot solve the problem sufficiently.…”

Amphiphilic marine coating systems of self-stratified PDMS-PEG surfaces with an epoxy-polyurethane matrix

“…GC coatings have been introduced as isocyanate-free systems that retain the desired properties of polyurethanes. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Isocyanates are often flagged for their effects on workers' health, however it is challenging to disregard their desired properties that comes from the urethane linkages, 44,51 thus glycidyl carbamate (GC) coatings were introduced to deliver both urethane linkage and epoxy chemistry for crosslinking. 44,45,48 The glycidyl carbamate functional group consists of an epoxy group positioned adjacent to a urethane (carbamate).…”