Glycine administration attenuates skeletal muscle wasting in a mouse model of cancer cachexia

Leucine as a treatment for muscle wasting: A critical review

“…It is a multifactorial muscle wasting syndrome with a complex interplay between the tumor and host inflammatory response [56]. Protein synthesis is reduced in the muscles of both cachectic human patients [57] and cachectic mice [58].…”

Glycine enhances muscle protein mass associated with maintaining Akt-mTOR-FOXO1 signaling and suppressing TLR4 and NOD2 signaling in piglets challenged with LPS

“…In addition, Ham et al (17) reported that glycine attenuated the increase of muscle IL-6 mRNA expression and macrophage infiltration in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. In the current study, consistent with the decreased plasma and muscle TNF-␣ concentrations, dietary supplementation of 1.0 or 2.0% glycine resulted in lower mRNA expresson of TLR4 and its downstream molecules (MyD88, IRAK1, and TRAF6), and NOD2 and its downstream adaptor molecule (RIPK2) in gastrocnemius muscle, and MyD88, TRAF6, and NOD2 in LD muscle compared with LPS control.…”

“…Similar to our data, Caldow et al (5) reported that glycine administration during calorie restriction protected against further muscle loss in obese mice. In addition, Ham et al (17) showed that glycine supplementation alleviated skeletal muscle wasting and reduced the expression of genes associated with muscle protein breakdown (MuRF1, MAFbx, LC3B, and BNIP3) in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Moreover, Nakashima et al (32) found that orally administered glycine suppressed myofibrillar proteolysis and expression of proteolytic-related genes (MAFbx, proteasome C2 subunit, m-calpain large subunit, and cathepsin B) of skeletal muscle in chicks under normal physiological conditions.…”

“…Moreover, some studies have shown that glycine is effective in treatment and prevention of muscle atrophy. For example, Ham et al (17) reported that glycine supplementation alleviated skeletal muscle wasting in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. However, to our knowledge the molecular mechanism(s) by which glycine attenuates skeletal muscle wasting remain to be elucidated.…”

“…First, gly-cine works as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and glycine receptor has been identified in nerve cells (3). In addition, some studies have shown that glycine is an effective anti-inflammatory agent (17,59). Glycine ] i ), cytokine production, and systemic inflammation in several models of diseases (59).…”