Glycine betaine: a versatile compound with great potential for gene pyramiding to improve crop plant performance against environmental stresses

Ahmad, Raza; Lim, Chan Ju; Kwon, Suk‐Yoon

doi:10.1007/s11816-012-0266-8

Cited by 106 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…GB is known for its defensive effects in higher plants against salt/osmotic stress by maintaining osmotic potential adjustment (Ashraf and Foolad, 2007). Meanwhile, GB could stabilize macromolecular activity and membrane integrity from the denaturing effects of high salt concentrations, and had a protective rather than osmotic effect (Ahmad et al, 2013). In addition, GB can scavenge ROS and induce expression of salt stress responsive genes (Liang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Priming with Extracts of two Seaweeds Alleviates the Physiological and Molecular Impacts of Salinity Stress on Radish (Raphanus sativus)

Kasim¹,

Saad‐Allah²,

Hamouda³

2016

IJAB

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To cite this paper: Kasim, W.A., K.M. Saad-Allah and M. Hamouda, 2016. Seed priming with extracts of two seaweeds alleviates the physiological and molecular impacts of salinity stress on radish (Raphanus sativus AbstractSeeds of radish were primed with the extract of either Codium taylorii or Pterocladia capillacea for 2 h, then sown in claysandy soil and left to grow under the effect of either 150 or 200 mM NaCl, however the control treatment was irrigated only with tap water, for 35 days. The results indicated that salinity decreased water content, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments and total lipids, while it increased total soluble proteins, proline, phenolic compounds and alkaloid contents. Priming with C. taylorii or P. capillacea alleviated the adverse effects of salinity on radish seedlings. Under 150 and 200 mM NaCl treatments, 5 bands with molecular weights 40, 70, 80, 100 and 171 kDa were newly synthesized as stress proteins, while that of the salt stressed seedlings primed with seaweed extracts showed appearance of four new bands with molecular weights 4, 15, 21 and 44 kDa with C. taylorii and 5, 6, 23 and 149 kDa with P. capillacea. The data of the ISSR analysis produced by five different primers reflected the appearance of seven new bands with the treatment 150 and 200 mM NaCl, and there was a disappearance of eight other bands. Priming of radish seeds with seaweed extract and treated with 150 and 200 mM NaCl resulted in the disappearance of five other bands. It might be concluded that the priming in seaweed extracts could represent a useful and powerful tool in alleviating salinity stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Priming with Extracts of two Seaweeds Alleviates the Physiological and Molecular Impacts of Salinity Stress on Radish (Raphanus sativus)

Kasim¹,

Saad‐Allah²,

Hamouda³

2016

IJAB

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“…The betaine content of foodstuffs, especially of the grains that contribute strongly to the betaine intake of most populations (de Zwart et al 2003;Zeisel et al 2003), depends on regional growing conditions and local varieties (Corol et al 2012;Slow et al 2008;Ahmad et al 2013), so that the widely used US data (Zeisel et al 2003), though an invaluable resource, needs to be confirmed by regional samples. Further, every region has local foodstuffs that are not included in the US database.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of HPLC-UV Methods for the Quantification of Betaine in Foods by Comparison with LC-MS

et al. 2015

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The importance of dietary betaine is increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to develop a simple high-performance liquid chromatography with standard ultraviolet spectrometric detection (HPLC-UV) method for betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) determination in foods after derivatization. Two methods were used for betaine derivatization. Thereafter, derivatized betaine was quantified using HPLC-UV, and the results were compared with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The established derivatizing agent 2′-naphthacyl triflate and a novel derivatizing agent 2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone produced the same cationic derivative when they react with betaine. The calibration curves were linear up to 1000 μmol/L (R 2 =0.9974 for 2′-naphthacyl triflate and 0.9995 for 2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone). The limit of detection was 1 μmol/L for both methods (2′-naphthacyl triflate and 2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone), confirming sufficient sensitivity for betaine quantification in foods. The average recovery from different food matrices (wheat flour and spinach) (n=12) was 99±9 %, 95±10 %, and 101±8 % for LC-MS, 2′-naphthacyl triflate, and 2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone, respectively. Inter-and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) in the control samples (whole wheat flour) were below 10 %.Quantitative results for foods analyzed using 2′-naphthacyl triflate and 2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone were comparable to LC-MS (R 2 =0.992 and 0.990), respectively. The highest betaine content (~160 mg/100 g) was found in spinach followed by faba bean, wheat flour, and beetroot. These methods can be widely used for betaine quantification because of the simplicity of the derivatization procedures, and the commercial availability of the derivatizing reagent (2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone) or through the relatively easy synthesis of 2-naphthacyl triflate.

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“…In plants, GB is synthesized via oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde by choline monooxygenase (CMO), then oxidation of betaine aldehyde to GB by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) (Rhodes & Hanson 1993). GB has been shown to have significant roles in plant tolerance to salt or drought stresses (reviewed in Ahmad et al 2013;Chen & Murata 2011). Exogenous foliar application of GB led to significant reduction in Na + and maintenance of K + levels in saltstressed perennial ryegrass (Hu et al 2012) and enhanced seed oil quality and antioxidant activity under water stress in maize (Ali & Ashraf 2011); GB pretreated pepper seeds showed increased germination under salinity (Korkmaz & Siricki 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine betaine biosynthesis in saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) under salinity stress

2013

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Soil salinity and drought severely affect all aspects of plant physiology, leading to significant losses of crop productivity and native biodiversity. A key to sustainable land use in such areas is to cultivate well-adapted native plants that are also commercially important and have the appropriate gene pool. Glycine betaine (GB) is an osmoprotectant that imparts salt and drought tolerance to some plants. It is also shown separately to provide significant health benefits to animals and humans. We investigated whether Australian saltbushes, which are extremely salt and drought tolerant and also impart health benefits to grazing animals, may have the genetic basis for GB biosynthesis, explaining the two different observations. Complementary DNAs encoding the two key enzymes of the plant GB biosynthesis pathway, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), were identified and analysed from Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex semibaccata. The sequences showed the putative CMO proteins exhibited all functionally important features including the Reiske-type cluster (2Fe-2S) and mononuclear non-heme Fe cluster, and the putative BADHs exhibited conservation of active site residues. The expression of both genes was found to be significantly up-regulated in leaf tissues under salt stress. The leaf tissues also showed accumulation of very high levels of GB, at 29.69 mmol/kg fresh weight for A. nummularia and 42.68 mmol/kg fresh weight for A. semibaccata, which is several times higher than in cereal crops. The results demonstrate a strong potential of cultivation of saltbushes for re-vegetation and as a perennial fodder in salinity and drought-affected areas.

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Glycine betaine: a versatile compound with great potential for gene pyramiding to improve crop plant performance against environmental stresses

Cited by 106 publications

References 58 publications

Seed Priming with Extracts of two Seaweeds Alleviates the Physiological and Molecular Impacts of Salinity Stress on Radish (Raphanus sativus)

Seed Priming with Extracts of two Seaweeds Alleviates the Physiological and Molecular Impacts of Salinity Stress on Radish (Raphanus sativus)

Validation of HPLC-UV Methods for the Quantification of Betaine in Foods by Comparison with LC-MS

Glycine betaine biosynthesis in saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) under salinity stress

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