Glycine Betaine Enhances Growth of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 Under Saline Stress Conditions

Abstract

In this study, the effect of glycine betaine as osmoprotectant compound for Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 was evaluated by kinetic growth parameters. Batch fermentation assays were performed employing media supplemented with different sodium chloride concentrations to simulate saline stress conditions. Salt concentrations of 50-300 mM led to decreased cell concentrations, while the maximum specific growth rates and cell productivities were reduced at concentrations above 100-mM NaCl. Salt inhibition was mainly observed in media with 200- and 300-mM NaCl, in which drastic changes in cell morphology were also noted. The addition of glycine betaine to the media showed to be efficient to counteract the salt inhibitory effect by increasing some fermentation parameters. However, the osmoprotectant was not able to revert the polymorphism promoted by higher salt concentrations.

Betaine and Beet Molasses Enhance L-Lactic Acid Production by Bacillus coagulans

“…It is also reported that betaine is an osmoprotectant of enzymatic activity in Lactobacilli strains [12]. Betaine is an effective osmoprotectant for various strains such as Lactobacillus sp., Tetragenococcus halophile , Lactococus sp., Bacillus subtilis , Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus , and Escherichia coli [14]–[19]. Good performance of betaine was revealed in previous studies.…”

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“…For example, the DYGS medium (Siqueira et al, 2009) 2014). Por ejemplo, el medio DYGS (Siqueira et al, 2009) se empleó en ensayos de fermentación para evaluar el efecto de sustancias osmoprotectoras sobre esta especie bacteriana; mientras que el medio SYP, se ha utilizado en la determinación del efecto de distintas concentraciones de fitohormonas sobre el microorganismo (Rojas et al, 2015).…”

“…For example, the DYGS medium (Siqueira et al, 2009) 2014). Por ejemplo, el medio DYGS (Siqueira et al, 2009) se empleó en ensayos de fermentación para evaluar el efecto de sustancias osmoprotectoras sobre esta especie bacteriana; mientras que el medio SYP, se ha utilizado en la determinación del efecto de distintas concentraciones de fitohormonas sobre el microorganismo (Rojas et al, 2015). Para el crecimiento de la bacteria con el fin de evaluar el efecto de su aplicación sobre especies vegetales como viandas tropicales (Dibut et al, 2011) y gramíneas (Muthukumarasamy et al, 2006) (Hernández et al, 1995;Molinari & Bioardi, 2013).…”

“…Cada cultivo se resuspendió en agua común en una proporción del 10 %, obteniendo una densidad de población final de la bacteria de 10 8 CFU.mL -1 . La solución final se aplicó por aspersión al suelo, a razón de 10 mL por maceta, posterior a la germinación de la semilla de ambos cultivos, entendiendo ésta DYGS medium (Siqueira et al, 2009) and the MA medium (Ortega, 2012) (Table 1). All were prepared in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 250 mL of effective volume, which were inoculated with the pure strain.…”

Directed Evolution of Dunaliella salina Ds-26-16 and Salt-Tolerant Response in Escherichia coli

“…Therefore, cell filamentation could be considered as a means of bacteria adaptation in unfavorable conditions [22]. This has been reported in a number of organisms including Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 [27], Salmonella [22], and also E . coli [28].…”