Glycine stimulates growth hormone release in man

Kasai, Kikuo; Suzuki, Hitoshi; Nakamura, Tsutomu; Shiina, Hìroaki; Shimoda, Shin-Ichi

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0930283

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, there was an increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in plasma between 39 and 75 % (Wang & Xu, 1999;Yu et al 2001) (Table 6). In human subjects, the infusion of glycine enhances plasma GH levels (Kasai et al 1980). Glycine is thought to play an important role in the control of the hypothalamic -pituitary function (Kasai et al 1980).…”

Section: Interactions Of Betaine With Growth-regulating and Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human subjects, the infusion of glycine enhances plasma GH levels (Kasai et al 1980). Glycine is thought to play an important role in the control of the hypothalamic -pituitary function (Kasai et al 1980). Therefore, it can be assumed that the effect of betaine on GH levels is mediated via its metabolite glycine, based on the fact that betaine is degraded to glycine .…”

Section: Interactions Of Betaine With Growth-regulating and Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

et al. 2005

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The present review summarises the potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine as a feed additive in relation to performance criteria in livestock production. Betaine, the trimethyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, is a metabolite of plant and animal tissues. In plants, betaine is particularly synthesised and accumulated as an osmoprotectant against salt and temperature stress. In animals, betaine is the product of choline oxidation or it originates from nutritional sources. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the potential effects of betaine supplementation on animal performance. Due to its chemical structure, betaine shows the characteristics of a dipolar zwitterion resulting in osmoprotective properties. Promoting effects on the intestinal tract against osmotic stress occurring during diarrhoea or coccidiosis have been reported following betaine supplementation in pigs and poultry. There is also some evidence that dietary betaine may improve the digestibility of specific nutrients. As a product of choline oxidation, betaine is involved in transmethylation reactions of the organism. Betaine as a methyl donor provides its labile methyl groups for the synthesis of several metabolically active substances such as creatine and carnitine. Supplementation with betaine may decrease the requirement for other methyl donors such as methionine and choline. There is also some evidence for enhanced methionine availability after dietary supplementation of betaine resulting in improved animal performance. Alterations in the distribution pattern of protein and fat in the body have been reported following betaine supplementation. A more efficient use of dietary protein may result from a methionine-sparing effect of betaine, but also direct interactions of betaine with metabolism-regulating factors have to be considered. Though the mode of action of betaine as a carcass modifier remains open, there is, however, growing evidence that betaine could have a positive impact both on animal performance and carcass quality.

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Section: Interactions Of Betaine With Growth-regulating and Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions Of Betaine With Growth-regulating and Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

et al. 2005

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“…Heresco-Levy et al published their results of glycine administration, 40-90 gr/day in three divided doses for 6 weeks in schizophrenic patients, and only one out of nine patients developed minor side effects (upper abdominal discomfort with nausea and vomiting) that resolved on stopping glycine [93]. D'Souza et al used 100 and 200 mg/kg/day I/V glycine, for 4 days, in a study of its central availability in healthy volunteers, without any adverse effects [95] while Kasai et al used up to 12 gram glycine infusions in a study of its effects on growth hormone secretion [96], and Naglak et al used up to 150, 250 and 600 mg/day glycine in 2 patients with isovaleric academia [97]. …”

Section: Clinical Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Glycine in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Habib¹,

Hodgson²,

Davidson

2006

CPD

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Glycine is a non-essential amino acid which is cheap, easily available and relatively non-toxic. It is composed of a single carbon attached to an amino and a carboxyl group, with a molecular weight of 75. It is involved in the production of bile, nucleic acids, porphyrins and creatine phosphate. It is part of the normal human diet and is used clinically, as an irrigant solution in urological and gynaecological procedures. Glycine has broad spectrum anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties whose therapeutic role has largely been un-investigated. Since the demonstration of its cytoprotective effect on hypoxic cultured renal tubule cells, further research has established its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action, which depends on stimulation of glycine sensitive chloride channel receptors on the cell membrane. The mechanism of non-specific cytoprotective effect which is present even in chloride and calcium free media is not clear. However glycine is currently being used experimentally, in human liver transplant recipients and has been shown to be beneficial in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in liver and several other organs. This review addresses the properties of glycine, its mechanism of action and its role in modulating IRI with special reference to the liver, with the aim of stimulating translational research into the potential role of glycine as a pharmaceutical agent.

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“…5-hydroxytryptophan) serve as neurotransmitters and mod ulate HH function in man. Many amino acids given intravenously in pure form (arginine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, threonine, leucine, Ltryptophan and glycine) [24][25][26][27] have been reported to elevate GH levels in man. Since the amino acid compo nent of protein could serve as neurotransmitters in the mechanism of hyperfiltration after protein ingestion, the message may be centrally mediated.…”

Section: -I Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Glomerular Filtration Rate Fails to Increase following Protein Ingestion in Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal-Deficient Adults

Kleinman¹,

Glassock²

1986

Am J Nephrol

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Oral protein loads are known to induce an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in man and animals. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is currently unknown. In order to study the possible role of growth hormone (GH) or other hypothalamo-hypophyseal (HH) factors in the response of GFR to a protein meal, we studied 4 chronically GH- or HH-defîcient adults and age-matched controls, free of renal disease, before and after ingestion of a large protein meal (red cooked meat). GFR, measured by inulin clearance and corrected for body surface area, was 18.5% lower during basal conditions (89.1 ± 6.0 ml/min) in the GH- or HH-deficient population when compared to controls (109.7 ± 9.1 ml/min), but this difference did not achieve statistical significance for this small patient population (p > 0.1, < 0.2). For a 3-hour postprandial period, mean GFR increased by 25.3% in the control population (136.8 ± 10.7 ml/min; p < 0.01), while mean GFR failed to increase in the GH- or HH-deficient patients (86.8 ± 10.9 ml/min; p > 0.10). Male control subjects, not pretreated with diethylstilbestrol, had no change in GH levels (p > 0.2). However, 1 female control was found to increase GH levels 10 times preprandial levels. These studies suggest that HH factors other than GH are mediators of the augmentation of GFR following a large protein load in human adults.

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Glycine stimulates growth hormone release in man

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

The Role of Glycine in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Glomerular Filtration Rate Fails to Increase following Protein Ingestion in Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal-Deficient Adults

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