GlycineB Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists Prevent Memory Deficits in Inhibitory Avoidance Learning

Dissociating scopolamine-induced disrupted and persistent latent inhibition: stage-dependent effects of glycine and physostigmine

“…These outcomes are consistent with our previous results (Barak andWeiner 2007, 2009), as well as with other data on the effectiveness of AChE-Is (Barak 2009;Carnicella et al 2005;Hironaka and Ando 1996;Hohnadel et al 2007;Shannon and Peters 1990) and glycine (Fishkin et al 1993;Matsuoka and Aigner 1996;Ohno and Watanabe 1996;Sirvio et al 1992; but see Viu et al 2000) in reversing psychotomimetic effects and cognitive deficits induced by muscarinic blockade. Here, we show that both physostigmine and glycine reversed the effects of scopolamine on LI at the stage which scopolamine affected LI, reversing disrupted LI via action in pre-exposure and reversing persistent LI via action in conditioning.…”

Choline Release and Inhibition of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Precede Excitotoxic Neuronal Death but Not Neurotoxicity Induced by Serum Deprivation

“…Under these conditions, neither NMDA (results not shown) nor GLU released Cho (Fig. 5B), but both NMDA and GLU released arachidonic acid (13). In contrast, exposure of energy-compromised cerebellar granule cells to GLU for 30 min increased extracellular Cho levels by 56% during GLU exposure and induced 61 Ϯ 3% cell death 24 h after treatment with GLU (Fig.…”

“…Thus, we investigated whether the phospholipases PLA 2 , PC-phospholipase C and PLD that are involved in PC breakdown are also implicated in the effect of NMDA on Cho release. NMDA receptor activation has been shown to induce arachidonic acid release in primary cultures of striatum (30), hippocampus (31), and cerebellar granule cells (13,32,33). Phospholipase A 2 is the primary effector enzyme responsible for NMDA receptor-evoked release of arachidonic acid in neuronal cultures (30, 31, 33).…”

“…Cell Culture-Primary cultures of brain cortical and cerebellar granule neurons were performed essentially as described previously (13). Cortical and cerebellar granule cells were obtained from Harlan Sprague-Dawley E18 rat fetuses and 7-postnatal day rat pups, respectively.…”

Neonatal exposure to intermittent hypoxia enhances mice performance in water maze and 8-arm radial maze tasks

“…Many reports showed that hypoxia impaired animal's spatial learning (Shukitt-Hale et al, 1994;Almli et al, 2000;Balduini et al, 2000;Ikeda et al, 2001;Row et al, 2002;Simonova et al, 2003;Decker et al, 2003), avoidance task (Clincke and Wauquier, 1984;Viu et al, 2000), and memory consolidation (Sara, 1974;Chleide et al, 1993;Camm et al, 2001;Yonelinas et al, 2002). The study on mountain climbers by Hornbein (1989) revealed a decline in visual long-term memory after ascent.…”