Glycoalkaloids as pest resistance factors

Tingey, Ward M.

doi:10.1007/bf02854036

Cited by 145 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Since tubers are formed above ground, contact with soil borne pathogens is avoided. The high concentrations of glycoalkaloids may confer greater resistance against potato pathogens and pests during growth (McKee 1959 ;Sinden et al 1972 ;Tingey 1984 ;Mitchell and Harrison 1985 ;Olsson 1990). Since lightenhanced glycoalkaloids are not degraded in the parent tuber during storage this may provide increased resistance against invasion by storage pathogens.…”

Section: Epicurementioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative composition of aerial and subterranean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L)

Karim

Percival

Dixon

1997

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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Section: Epicurementioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative composition of aerial and subterranean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L)

Karim

Percival

Dixon

1997

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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“…This study also revealed the value of hardy wild relatives of quinoa, cañahua, and potato as famine foods for Altiplano communities in periods of climate stress. The high glycoalkaloid content of S. juzepczukii and S. curtilobum inherited from their wild progenitors confers resistance to pests and diseases (Tingey 1984;Machida-Hirano 2015). Nonetheless, in this study, farmers observed that due to rising temperatures, S. juzepczukii is starting to be affected by pests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano

Meldrum

Mijatović²,

Rojas

et al. 2017

Environ Dev Sustain

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Crop diversity is central to traditional risk management practices on the Andean Altiplano and may find renewed importance in adapting to climate change. This study explored the role of crop diversity in farmers' adaptation actions in eight Aymara communities on the northern Bolivian Altiplano. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including multifactor analysis and a community resilience selfassessment, we investigated how farmers' use of diversity in adaptation is related to their perceptions of crop and variety tolerances and other environmental, social, and economic factors. Few crops and varieties were perceived as tolerant to increasingly intense and unpredictable drought, frost, hail, and pest and disease outbreaks. Some local crops and varieties were perceived as vulnerable to emerging conditions (e.g. oca, papalisa, isaño), whereas bitter potatoes and wild relatives of quinoa and cañahua were perceived as highly stress tolerant and provide food in harsh periods. A total 19% of households surveyed (N = 193) had introduced new crops or varieties-often disease resistant or early maturing-as an adaptive action. Introduction of commercial crops was a common adaptation action, reflecting farmers' response to warming temperatures and changing economic opportunities, but greater sensitivity of the introduced crops may cause maladaptation. Despite intensification of cropping systems, households continue to maintain a median four potato varieties with different tolerance traits, yet this risk management practice was not perceived as adaptation. Strengthening resilience will require a combination of actions, including maintaining and expanding crop portfolios and restoring soil and ecosystem health, using both traditional and innovative approaches.

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“…Гликоалкалоиды ингибируют рост грибного патогена Alternaria brassicicola (Smith et al, 1996). В ряде исследований подтверждена связь устойчивости растений картофеля к личинкам и взрослым формам колорадского жука с содержанием в них различных гликоалкалоидов (Tingey, 1984;Flanders et al, 1992;Lorenzen et al, 2001).…”

Section: токсические свойства сгаunclassified

The Biosynthesis Regulation of Potato Steroidal Glycoalkaloids

Ivanova¹,

Gerasimova²,

Хлесткина³

2018

Vestn. VOGiS

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Potato steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) compose a part of plant immunity. Some of their modified variants are toxic to humans. In the course of potato domestication, plants with a lower SGA level were selected. The advent of approaches for manipulation with the regulation of metabolic pathways provides an opportunity to overcome the undesirable direct relationship between the potato resistance to pests and the toxicity of its tubers. However, for such a fine regulation, a deep knowledge of the regulatory network of potato SGA biosynthesis is required. The purpose of this review is to summarize the information on the known SGA biosynthesis genes in plants and the results of the investigation of these genes in potato, as well as to consider the mechanisms of the SGA protective toxic action against pathogens and pests. The SGA biosynthesis is realized via the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and consists of three stages. The first two stages are required for the synthesis of primary metabolites, and lead to cycloartanol and cholesterol, respectively. Twelve enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis, and the half of them are involved in the biosynthesis of phytosterols, which is a branch of the first stage of this metabolic pathway. In the potato leaves with an excess of phytosterols, the synthesis switches to SGAs, increasing the content of the latter. In tubers, with an excess of SGA precursors, they are involved in the synthesis of lanosterol, supporting in this way the stable level of SGA. The importance of structural genes encoding the enzymes of the first two stages of biosynthesis does not allow us to consider them as a target for knockout in order to reduce the level of SGAs. However, information about the tissue-specific mechanisms of switching between the pathways of synthesis of SGA and other compounds having common precursors with SGAs can be used to manipulate the tissue-specific level of steroidal glycoalkaloids. At the third stage (the synthesis of glycoalkaloids from cholesterol), about 20 enzymes participate. In the potato genome, 14 corresponding genes were identified, 8 of which were studied in detail using reverse genetics approaches. As a promising target for reducing SGA levels in tubers, the genes encoding PGA enzymes (belonging to the CYP72 subfamily cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenases catalyzing the conversion of hydrocholesterol to trihydrocholesterol) and SGT (SGA glycosyltransferases that catalyze the conversion of solanidine to its toxic glycosylated derivatives α-solanine and α-chaconine) are considered. Cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of some glycoalkaloid biosynthesis genes, including elements responsible for tissue-specific expression, Стероидные гликоалкалоиды (СГА) картофеля составляют часть иммунитета растений. Некоторые их модифицированные фор-мы токсичны для человека. В ходе доместикации картофеля происходил отбор растений с пониженным уровнем СГА. В на-стоящее время с появлением методов, при помощи которых возможно специфично влиять на регуляцию метаболических пу...

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Glycoalkaloids as pest resistance factors

Cited by 145 publications

References 34 publications

Comparative composition of aerial and subterranean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L)

Comparative composition of aerial and subterranean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L)

Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano

The Biosynthesis Regulation of Potato Steroidal Glycoalkaloids

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