Glycocalyx of receptor cell membranes

Vinnikov, Ya. A.

doi:10.1093/chemse/11.2.243

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These proteins are resistant to increased calcium concentrations and also trigger protective reflexes in the presence of chemical stimuli. Furthermore, a glycocalyx, which acts as a barrier between the plasma cell membrane and the external environment, has been identified on the cilia of OSNs in fish and salamanders [55, 56]. Any or all of these mechanisms could be involved in the neuroprotection of specific OSNs we observed after detergent treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reversible deafferentation of the adult zebrafish olfactory bulb affects glomerular distribution and olfactory-mediated behavior

Paskin

Byrd-Jacobs

2012

Behavioural Brain Research

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The olfactory system is a useful model for studying central nervous system recovery from damage due to its neuroplasticity. We recently developed a novel method of deafferentation by repeated exposure of Triton X-100 to the olfactory organ of adult zebrafish. This long-term, reversible method of deafferentation allows both degeneration and regeneration to be observed in the olfactory bulb. The aim of the present study is to examine olfactory bulb innervation, glomerular patterns, and olfactory-mediated behavior with repeated Triton X-100 treatment and the potential for recovery following cessation of treatment. Olfactory bulbs of control, chronic-treated, and recovery animals were examined for the presence or absence of glomeruli that have been identified in the zebrafish glomerular map. Following chronic treatment, the number of glomeruli was dramatically reduced; however, partial innervation remained in the lateral region of the bulb. When animals were given time to recover, complete glomerular distribution returned. A behavioral assay was developed to determine if innervation remaining correlated with behavior of the fish. Chronic-treated fish did not respond to odorants involved with social behavior but continued to react to odorants that mediate feeding behavior. Following recovery, responses to odorants involved with social behavior returned. The morphological and behavioral effects of chronic Triton X-100 treatment in the olfactory system suggest there may be differential susceptibility or resistance to external damage in a subset of sensory neurons. The results of this study demonstrate the remarkable regenerative ability of the olfactory system following extensive and long-term injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reversible deafferentation of the adult zebrafish olfactory bulb affects glomerular distribution and olfactory-mediated behavior

Paskin

Byrd-Jacobs

2012

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…It is interesting to speculate that microvillous OSNs mediating the feeding response are protected or that ciliated OSNs involved in social behaviors are more susceptible to damage. Since the olfactory organ is in direct contact with the environment and is exposed to potentially harmful substances, the olfactory epithelium has developed a number of defense mechanisms including persistent neurogenesis [ 42 ], detoxification processes [ 43 , 44 , 45 ], heat shock proteins [ 46 , 47 ], antioxidants [ 48 , 49 ], and structural barriers [ 50 , 51 ]. Any or all of these mechanisms could be involved in the retention of amino-acid sensing microvillous OSNs after zinc sulfate exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Zinc Sulfate Results in Differential Effects on Olfactory Sensory Neuron Subtypes in Adult Zebrafish

Hentig

Byrd-Jacobs

2016

IJMS

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Zinc sulfate is a known olfactory toxicant, although its specific effects on the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish are unknown. Olfactory organs of adult zebrafish were exposed to zinc sulfate and, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 or 14 days, fish were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and behavioral analyses. Severe morphological disruption of the olfactory organ was observed two days following zinc sulfate exposure, including fusion of lamellae, epithelial inflammation, and significant loss of anti-calretinin labeling. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the apical surface of the sensory region was absent of ciliated structures, but microvilli were still present. Behavioral analysis showed significant loss of the ability to perceive bile salts and some fish also had no response to amino acids. Over the next several days, olfactory organ morphology, epithelial structure, and anti-calretinin labeling returned to control-like conditions, although the ability to perceive bile salts remained lost until day 14. Thus, exposure to zinc sulfate results in rapid degeneration of the olfactory organ, followed by restoration of morphology and function within two weeks. Zinc sulfate appears to have a greater effect on ciliated olfactory sensory neurons than on microvillous olfactory sensory neurons, suggesting differential effects on sensory neuron subtypes.

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“…There were systematic changes in the apical, supranuclear, and basilar expansion regions following treatment with the odorant IBMP. The apical region's close proximity to odorant receptor sites located in the ciliary membrane of adjacent olfactory receptor neurons (Chen and Lancet, 1984;Lancet, 1986) makes it a potential contributor to olfactory perireceptor events (Moulton and Beidler, 1967;Vinnikov, 1982Vinnikov, , 1986; T.V. Joshi et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural characteristics of sustentacular cells in control and odorant‐treated olfactory mucosae of the salamander

Zielinski

Getchell

1988

Anat. Rec.

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The ultrastructural characteristics of five morphologically distinct regions of sustentacular cells in the salamander olfactory mucosa are described. 1) The apical region was characterized by a microvillar surface that lay below the level of the olfactory knob of olfactory receptor neurons and contained endosome-like vesicles and a filamentous array at the level of the zonula adherens. 2) The supranuclear region contained rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi complex, and secretory vesicles. Few sustentacular cells showed morphological signs of secretion, suggesting a low rate of baseline secretory activity. 3) The nuclear region contained the cylindrical nucleus surrounded by a thin band of cytoplasm containing bundles of filaments. 4) The central stalk contained filamentous arrays, Golgi-like cisternae, multivesicular bodies, and peroxisomes. Cytoplasmic veils that extended from the central stalk contained filamentous aggregates. 5) The basilar expansion had a complex series of lateral and basal folds. The lateral folds enveloped extracellular material and nonmyelinated axons of the receptor neurons. The basal folds formed complex interdigitations with the basal lamina, particularly in regions occupied by blood vessels and the acini of Bowman's glands in the subjacent lamina propria. These characteristics, and the presence of endosome-like vesicles and mitochondria, suggest that the basilar expansion is metabolically active and participates in cellular transport of material. Treatment with the odorant 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine caused ultrastructural changes in the apical and supranuclear regions that were associated with secretion and in the basilar expansion region that were indicative of an increase in metabolic and transport activity.

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Glycocalyx of receptor cell membranes

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Reversible deafferentation of the adult zebrafish olfactory bulb affects glomerular distribution and olfactory-mediated behavior

Reversible deafferentation of the adult zebrafish olfactory bulb affects glomerular distribution and olfactory-mediated behavior

Exposure to Zinc Sulfate Results in Differential Effects on Olfactory Sensory Neuron Subtypes in Adult Zebrafish

Ultrastructural characteristics of sustentacular cells in control and odorant‐treated olfactory mucosae of the salamander

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