Glycolaldehyde Induces Oxidative Stress in the Heart: A Clue to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?

Abstract

Cardiovascular complications account for 80% of the mortality related to diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia is believed to be the major culprit of angiopathy and cardiomyopathy. High glucose levels and oxidative stress cause elevation of Advanced Glycation End-products that are known to contribute to diabetic complications and correlate with many diseases. However, there are few reports describing the effects of glycating agents other than glucose. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of glycolaldehyde (GA) on oxidative stress parameters in the heart of Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received a single injection of GA (10, 50 or 100 mg/Kg) and were sacrificed 6, 12 or 24 h after injection. As indexes of oxidative stress, we quantified protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation and total reduced thiols. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glyoxalase I were assayed. Also, the content of N (ɛ)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) was quantified. Glycolaldehyde induced an imbalance in the redox status, with increased protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation. Catalase and glyoxalase I had a decrease in their activities. Despite the oxidative stress, we observed no increase in CML content. These results suggest that short-chain aldehydes such as GA might have a significant role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Suppression of antioxidant Nrf-2 and downstream pathway in H9c2 cells by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) via ERK phosphorylation

“…An increase in the production of ROS by AGEs conforms to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy [9,52,53]. Our results demonstrate that AGEs enhance the production of ROS and increase LDH.…”

Discovery of metabolite biomarkers: flux analysis and reaction-reaction network approach

“…Both "nadph" and "nadp" are valuable metabolites in l-xylulose (l-xylulose is obtained by "nadph" and "nad" reduction with "d-xylulose" [36]) which is intensively used in diabetes diagnosis. While reaction 1951 is glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase, glycolaldehyde has been shown to play a significant role in diabetic cardiomyopathy [37]. And "pi" is a critical component in the disturbance of diabetes [38].…”

Metabolite biomarker discovery for metabolic diseases by flux analysis

“…The name of Reaction 1951 is Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase. It has been shown that glycolaldehyde has a significant role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy [30]. And "pi" in reaction 2700 is a key component in the disturbance of Diabetes [31].…”