Glycopeptide Resistance in Gram-positive Bacteria

Speller, D. C. E.; Lynn, William; Rogers, Thomas R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.1995.tb00026.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci were initially described in Europe in 1987 and first isolated in haematological departments and transplant units (4, 5). Since 1988, their incidence has been rising worldwide (6, 7). Several studies have documented the influence of antibiotic selective pressure, mainly from the use of glycopeptides, third‐generation cephalosporins, quinolones and lincosamides, on the frequency of VRE occurrence in hospitals (8–11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of antibiotic use on the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Kolář¹,

Urbánek

Vágnerová³

et al. 2006

J Clin Pharm Ther

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of antibiotic use on the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Kolář¹,

Urbánek

Vágnerová³

et al. 2006

J Clin Pharm Ther

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“…VRE were first described in Europe in 1987, and were first isolated in haematological departments and transplant units. Since 1988, their incidence has increased worldwide [4–7]. The main risk‐factor for their occurrence is excessive use of glycopeptides, but use of third‐generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones is also involved in the selection of VRE [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic characterisation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from haemato-oncological patients at Olomouc University Hospital, Czech Republic

Kolář

Pantůček

Vágnerová

et al. 2006

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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This study describes the first molecular characterisation of clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the Czech Republic. Of 2647 patient isolates of Enterococcus spp. from 1997-2002, 121 (4.6%) were identified as VRE. The most common isolates were VanA+ Enterococcus faecium (78%) and VanB+ Enterococcus faecalis (10%). In addition, five VanA+ E. faecium isolates were obtained from environmental and staff sampling. Macrorestriction analysis of SmaI restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed for 54 VanA+ E. faecium clinical isolates and the five VanA+ E. faecium environmental isolates. Thirty-two unique restriction endonuclease patterns were identified, including two predominant clonal types represented by five or more isolates. Two environmental VanA+ E. faecium isolates were closely related to two patient isolates, which had an identical SmaI macrorestriction pattern. The results indicated potential survival of strains in the hospital environment and possible subsequent transmission to hospitalised patients.

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“…Among these, a significant role is played by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) present especially in patients with hematooncological diseases and those in intensive care units 1 . Although they mostly represent mere colonization of the gastrointestinal tract they can also cause serious infections which are difficult to manage therapeutically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and Pathways of Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Hemato-Oncological Patients

Vágnerová

Šauer²,

Kolář³

et al. 2006

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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The presented study aims at analyzing an increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from various kinds of clinical material obtained from patients in the Department of Hemato-oncology (DHO), University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic.Between January 1 and March 31, 2005, enterococci were isolated by standard microbiological procedures using both clinical material obtained from hospitalized patients and samples from the department environment. Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was determined by a standardized microdilution method. Phenotype determination of resistance to vancomycin was verified by PCR detection of vanA and vanB genes. In VanA Enterococcus faecium, macrorestriction analysis was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.During the monitored period, a total of 128 Enterococcus sp. strains were isolated, of which 38 (30 %) isolates from 22 different patients were determined as VRE. Dominating were Enterococcus faecium VanA (63 %) and Enterococcus casseliflavus VanC (16 %) strains. At the same time, one Enterococcus faecium VanA strain was acquired from a bed-side table used by a patient in whom a similar strain had been isolated repeatedly from various clinical materials including a rectal swab taken in 2004. Based on the macrorestriction analysis of genome DNA in 24 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium VanA strains isolated from the patients' clinical material, one strain from the bed-side table surface and one strain isolated from stools in 2004, 8 unique restriction profiles with similarity ranging from 90 % to 100 % were identified, which could be classified into 3 clonal types.Thus, we can assume not only the endogenous origin of the VRE in hemato-oncological patients and their potential selection caused by therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics but also the ability of the strains to survive in a hospital setting and, subsequently, to be spread clonally by various vectors.

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Glycopeptide Resistance in Gram-positive Bacteria

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

The influence of antibiotic use on the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci

The influence of antibiotic use on the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Genotypic characterisation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from haemato-oncological patients at Olomouc University Hospital, Czech Republic

Sources and Pathways of Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Hemato-Oncological Patients

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