Glycyrrhizic Acid and Compound Probiotics Supplementation Alters the Intestinal Transcriptome and Microbiome of Weaned Piglets Exposed to Deoxynivalenol

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans. In the present study, we performed RNA-sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing in piglets after DON and glycyrrhizic acid and compound probiotics (GAP) supplementation to determine the changes in intestinal transcriptome and microbiota. Transcriptome results indicated that DON exposure altered intestinal gene expression involved in nutrient transport and metabolism. Genes related to lipid metabolism, such as PLIN1, PLIN4, ADIPOQ, and FABP4 in the intestine, were significantly decreased by DON exposure, while their expressions were significantly increased after GAP supplementation. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that GAP supplementation promoted intestinal digestion and absorption of proteins, fats, vitamins, and other nutrients. Results of gut microbiota composition showed that GAP supplementation significantly improved the diversity of gut microbiota. DON exposure significantly increased Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacillus abundances and decreased Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus abundances; however, dietary supplementation with GAP observably recovered their abundances to normal. In addition, predictive functions by PICRUSt analysis showed that DON exposure decreased lipid metabolism, whereas GAP supplementation increased immune system. This result demonstrated that dietary exposure to DON altered the intestinal gene expressions related to nutrient metabolism and induced disturbances of intestinal microbiota, while supplementing GAP to DON-contaminated diets could improve intestinal health for piglets.

Glycyrrhiza Extract and Curcumin Alleviates the Toxicity of Cadmium via Improving the Antioxidant and Immune Functions of Black Goats

“…The levels of blood hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and white blood cell count (WBC) were admeasured by automatic blood cell analyzer (SF-3000, Sysmex-Toa Medical Electronics, Kobe, Japan) [29]. The concentrations of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and the content of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were admeasured using commercial test kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bio-Engineering Institute, Nanjing, China) [23]. The ELISA analysis method was used to analyze the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) [30].…”

“…In the authoritative medical prescriptions of ancient China, GA was used to treat respiratory tract, stomach, and liver diseases, and also alleviated the toxicity of other drugs. GA has good free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects, enhancing immune function, alleviating oxidative stress, and promoting animal growth [22,23]. Licorice and rhubarb have better protective effects on Cd-induced liver and kidney injuries in rats [24].…”

Insights into the intestinal toxicity of foodborne mycotoxins through gut microbiota: A comprehensive review

“…Additionally, another study indicated that the compound probiotic could attenuate multiple mycotoxin‐induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and inflammation in IPEC‐J2 cells (Wang, Wang, et al., 2022). Results from transcriptomics experiments in piglet intestines showed that dietary supplementation with compound probiotics ( S. cerevisiae and E. faecalis ) and glycyrrhizic acid can regulate the immune imbalance induced by DON and restore the disordered intestinal microorganisms to normal levels (Xu et al., 2022).…”