Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review

Li, Jianyuan; Cao, Hongxin; Liu, Ping; Cheng, Genhong; Sun, Mingyu

doi:10.1155/2014/872139

Cited by 179 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Glycyrrhizin (GZ; Figure 1a) is the main active component in licorice and it is reported that its content is in the range of 2-15% (w/w) depending on the plant species, geographic and climatic conditions (Fenwick, 1990). GZ exerts multiple biochemical and pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities (Eisenbrand, 2006;Fu et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014a;Ma et al, 2013;Nagai et al, 1992). In addition, GZ is thought to be responsible for the characteristic sweetness and taste typically associated with licorice products (Seki et al, 2008), and thus has been used widely as a sweetening and flavoring agent in substances such as food and tobacco (Isbrucker & Burdock, 2006;Olukoga & Donaldson, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential drug interactions associated with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid

Feng

Ding

Qiu

2015

Drug Metabolism Reviews

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Glycyrrhizin (GZ), the main active component of licorice, is a widely used therapeutic in the clinic. Depending on the disease, the treatment may involve a long course of high dose GZ. Another component of licorice, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), is the main active metabolite of GZ and is thought to be responsible for the majority of the pharmacological properties of GZ. Therefore, GZ and GA are both used for therapeutic purposes. In addition, GZ and GA are also widely used to sweeten and flavor foods. Due to this widespread, multifaceted use of these substances, potential drug interactions with GZ and GA have recently gained attention. Along these lines, this review covers the known effects of GZ and GA on drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. We conclude that both GZ and GA may have an effect on the activity of CYPs. For example, GZ may induce CYP3A activity through activation of PXR. Also, GZ and GA may affect glucuronidation in rats and humans. Furthermore, 18β-GA is a potent inhibitor of P-gp, while GZ and GA are inhibitors of MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many medications may be altered when used concurrently with GZ or GA, which is also covered in this review. Overall, GZ, GA or related products should be taken with caution when taken with additional medications due to the possible drug interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential drug interactions associated with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid

Feng

Ding

Qiu

2015

Drug Metabolism Reviews

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“…Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene glycoside from root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, has positive effects on inhibition of hepatic apoptosis and necrosis by suppression of TNF-α and caspase-3, an important cytokine, which is a key mediator of hepatic apoptosis and necrosis in LPS/D-GaAlN-induced liver failure [11] and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lipopolysaccharide/ D-galactosamine-induced liver injury [12].…”

Section: Therapeutic Potentials and Traditional Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Perspective of Glycyrrhiza glabraLinn.: a Mini-Review

Thakur¹,

Raj²

2017

JAPLR

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The Glycyrrhiza genus contains more than 30 species and widely distributed all over the world [7]. Glycyrrhiza genus plants are wide spread in Mediterranean, Southern and Central Russia and Asia, being minor to Iran. Many species are now grown throughout Europe, Syria, Asia, UK, USA, Italy, France, Germany, AbstractGlycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Family: Fabaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used in various ancient medicine systems and documented across the globe for its ethanopharmacological value to cure varieties of ailments. Glycyrrhizin is the major active constituent obtained from liquorice roots, one of the most widely used in herbal preparations for the treatment and management of chronic diseases. The present mini-review is focused mainly on major secondary metabolites, ethnopharmacology and potential medicinal uses of Glycyrrhiza glabra. The sources for the literature search were PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder and Google Scholar. Reported pharmacological activities, characterized secondary metabolites and traditional uses of Glycyrrhiza glabra warrants its potential therapeutic uses. However, further scientific validations along with evidencebased studies are still required in support to its traditional uses, to serve as "lead" for development of novel agents and a better drug candidate in future. Keywords:

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“…Stronger neominophagen C (SNMC, Minophagen Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan), was first reported by Yamamoto et al in 1958, and has now been used in the treatment of chronic liver disease for more than 50 years. SNMC is a compound GA tablet that includes GA (2 mg) together with glycine acid (20 mg) and L-cysteine hydrochloride (1 mg) [31] . In 1977, Arase et al [32] confirmed its ability to reduced aminotransferase levels in patients with histologically-documented chronic hepatitis in a doubleblind randomized controlled trial using a dose of 40 mL daily for a month.…”

Section: Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic Acid) Stronger Neo-minophagen Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: Focusing on antioxidant therapy

Miyanishi

Hoki

Tanaka

et al. 2015

WJH

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Oxidative stress has been investigated in the context of alcoholic liver injury for many years and shown to be a causal factor of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), drug-induced liver injury, Wilson' s disease, and hemochromatosis. In CHC, it has been demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. In cases with persistent hepatitis due to failure of hepatitis C virus eradication, or chronic liver disease, such as NASH, the treatment of which remains unestablished, it is important to reduce serum alanine aminotransferase levels and prevent liver fibrosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This also suggests the importance of antioxidant therapy. Among treatment options where it would be expected that anti-inflammatory activity plays a role in their confirmed efficacy for chronic hepatitis, iron depletion therapy, glycyrrhizin, ursodeoxycholic acid, Sho-Saiko-To, and vitamin E can all be considered antioxidant therapies. To date, however, the ability of these treatments to prevent cancer has been confirmed only in CHC. Nevertheless, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects have been demonstrated in other liver diseases and these therapies may potentially be effective for cancer prevention.

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Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review

Cited by 179 publications

References 95 publications

Potential drug interactions associated with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid

Potential drug interactions associated with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid

Pharmacological Perspective of Glycyrrhiza glabraLinn.: a Mini-Review

Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: Focusing on antioxidant therapy

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