Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles

Pompei, Raffaello; Flore, Ornella; Marccialis, Maria Antonietta; Pani, Alessandra; Loddo, B

doi:10.1038/281689a0

Cited by 419 publications

(259 citation statements)

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“…It has in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral activity, interfering with DNA and RNA replication of a wide range of viruses, including herpes, influenza A and B, hepatitis B, coronavirus, and SARS (Pompei, et al, 1979;Hirabayashi et al, 1991;Badam, 1994;Lin, 2003;Hoever, et al 2005;Lee, et al, 2007). This pharmaceutical preparation has also been demonstrated to be able to prevent the virion from hatching from its capsid (Pompei, et al, 1979;Lin, 2003), apparently due to a dose-dependent inhibition of kinase-P phosphorylation (Chavali, et al, 1987;Ohtsuki and Ishida, 1988). In addition, GRA has been shown to interfere with arylamine N-acetyltransferase bacterial activity, thereby exhibiting antibacterial effects, at least against Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus spp., and Klebsiella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Productive and Immune Parameters of Broilers

Ocampo

Gómez-Verduzco

Tapia-Pérez

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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KeywordsBroiler chickens, growth promotion, immune system, glycyrrhizic acid.Submitted: February/2015 Approved: March/2016 ABSTRACT Considering that glycyrrhizic acid (GRA) has been shown to have in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral activity against a wide range of viruses as well as immunostimulating activity, a trial to evaluate its effects on the performance and the immune response against Newcastle disease of broiler chickens was carried out. The study was performed with oneday-old Ross x Ross broiler chickens. GRA was added to the drinking water throughout the 49-d production cycle at a dose of 0.03%. Sample size of the trial was established in a pilot assay. Results showed that broiler chickens treated with GRA presented better weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and lower mortality rate than the non-treated controls. In addition, GRA-treated birds presented higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and more efficient cellular immune response, as demonstrated by the late-hypersensitivity response test. Blood lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts also increased in this group. The histopathological examination of the bursa, spleen, and thymus revealed that only the thymus of the GRA-treated group had a clearly defined increase in cortex thickness on day 49. The bursa showed a higher number of lymphoid lesions in CG on days 21 and 49 compared with the GRA group. These results suggest that GRA has growth promotion properties, which are possibly linked to immunebased effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Productive and Immune Parameters of Broilers

Ocampo

Gómez-Verduzco

Tapia-Pérez

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…It is known that GL has various biological activities, such as an anti-inflammatory effect, 1) an anti-viral effect, 2) interferon-g-inducing activity, 3) and the ability to induce extrathymic T cells. 4) Recently, we reported that (i) three phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 s) [PA2Y (Tf PL-X, 121 amino acid residues), PA21 (Tf PLA, 122 amino acid residues) and PA2B (lysine-49-PLA 2 , 122 amino acid residues)] are selectively purified from Habu snake venom as GL-binding proteins (gbPs); and (ii) PA2B is a GL-sensitive enzyme in vitro.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Secretory Type IIA Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) as a Glycyrrhizin (GL)-Binding Protein and the GL-Induced Inhibition of the CK-II-Mediated Stimulation of sPLA2-IIA Activity in Vitro.

Shimoyama

Sakamoto

Akaboshi

et al. 2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…2) Licorice root is one of the most frequently used crude drugs in Kampo medicine. 3) Its active ingredient is GL, which has been reported to show various pharmacological effects such as steroid-like, 4) anti-inflammatory, 5) and anti-viral 6) actions. On the other hand, GL is known to be hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetic acid (GA), the aglycone of GL, by human intestinal bacteria prior to absorption, 7) although GL is not hydrolyzed to GA, but to glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide (GAMG), by human liver b-D-glucuronidase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhetic Acid and Glycyrrhetic Acid Mono-Glucuronide in Shakuyaku-kanzo-to Incubated with Rat Feces by Semi-micro High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Okamura

Maki

Miyauchi

et al. 2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, a traditional Chinese medicine (Kampo medicine), has been used for its antispasmodic and muscle relaxation effects in treatment of colic, lumbago, ischialgia, cramps, tension of cervical muscles and distortion. 1) This prescription consists of licorice root (Glycyrrhizae radix) and peony root (Paeoniae radix). The combined effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) in licorice root and paeoniflorin in peony root act synergistically to block neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle. 2) Licorice root is one of the most frequently used crude drugs in Kampo medicine. 3) Its active ingredient is GL, which has been reported to show various pharmacological effects such as steroid-like, 4) anti-inflammatory, 5) and anti-viral 6) actions. On the other hand, GL is known to be hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetic acid (GA), the aglycone of GL, by human intestinal bacteria prior to absorption, 7) although GL is not hydrolyzed to GA, but to glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide (GAMG), by human liver b-D-glucuronidase. 8) GAMG is an intermediate in the hydrolysis of GL to GA. Moreover, when GL is orally administered to rats, it is detected in the plasma, but its bioavailability is lower than that of GA. 9) These results suggest that GL is hydrolyzed by intestinal bacteria and that most of the GA formed is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a method for determination of GL and its metabolites is necessary to investigate the metabolism of GL in Kampo medicine. However, there have been no reports regarding simultaneous analysis of GL, GA and GAMG. Furthermore, the limit of detection is important to determine the metabolites present at low levels.The study presented here describes a simple, sensitive and reproducible semi-micro HPLC method for simultaneous determination of these compounds in rat fecal suspension with Shakuyaku-kanzo-to after anaerobic incubation in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsThe crude drugs were purchased from Tochimototenkaido (Osaka, Japan). GL and GAMG and GA were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Wako: Osaka, Japan) and Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), respectively. HPLC grade acetonitrile and analytical reagent grade phosphoric acid (85%) were purchased from Wako. Ultrapure distilled water with a resistivity greater than 18 MW was prepared with deionized-distilled water. The organic solvents and other chemical reagents were of analytical reagent grade, and were supplied by Wako.Preparation of Decoction Daily dosages of Shakuyakukanzo-to (licorice root 6 g, peony root 6 g) 3) were prepared as follows: the daily dosage of crude drugs was boiled with 500 ml of water on an electric heater for more than 40 min, halving the original volume. The decoction was filtered through a colander while hot, and after cooling the volume was adjusted to 1000 ml with water. An aliquot of the adjusted decoction was diluted to 10-fold dilution with water, and the diluted decoction was filtered through a Sartorius membrane (Minisart RC 15, pore size: 0.45 mm, Japan Sartorius, Tokyo, Japan) and an...

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Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles

Cited by 419 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Productive and Immune Parameters of Broilers

Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Productive and Immune Parameters of Broilers

Characterization of Secretory Type IIA Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) as a Glycyrrhizin (GL)-Binding Protein and the GL-Induced Inhibition of the CK-II-Mediated Stimulation of sPLA2-IIA Activity in Vitro.

Simultaneous Determination of Glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhetic Acid and Glycyrrhetic Acid Mono-Glucuronide in Shakuyaku-kanzo-to Incubated with Rat Feces by Semi-micro High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

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