Glymphatic-assisted perivascular brain delivery of intrathecal small gold nanoparticles

SARS-CoV-2 Nanovaccine Composed of Microfluidic-Produced Gold Nanoparticles Induces Neutralizing Immune Responses

“…In general, whole-pathogen and subunit vaccines (e.g., recombinant RBD) are cheaper to produce and safer to administer but are usually poorly immunogenic . One strategy to overcome such an issue is the antigen conjugation to a vector (i.e., nanoparticles of different chemical composition), able to display multiple copies of antigens to the immune system, leading to a multivalent effect and the enhancement of the immune response. , In recent years, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have raised significant interest among researchers in the context of diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development. − These are nanoparticles reasonably easy to synthesize and functionalize, presenting high biocompatibility, making them suitable for different applications, being able to act as adjuvants or delivery vehicles, with the potential to positively modify the immune response with a minimum of toxicity …”

The Influence of Size on the Intracranial Distribution of Biomedical Nanoparticles Administered by Convection-enhanced Delivery in Minipigs

“…The overall RCY refers to radiochemical yield (RCY) of the entire radiolabeling process. Abbreviations: Ø vol‑DLS , the volume-weighted hydrodynamic diameter measured by DLS; Ø TEM , the diameter of the AuNP gold core measured by TEM; Ø UV/Vis , the AuNP diameter corresponding to the absorption maximum according to ref; PDI, polydispersity index; ζ, zeta potential; DLS, dynamic light scattering analysis; n.a., not applicable; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; UV/Vis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy; RCY, radiochemical yield; ndc., non-decay corrected; dc., decay corrected; RCC, radio chemical conversion.…”

“…18,28 We recently reported a practical method for surface labeling of AuNPs with radiometals for PET imaging, which was also used in the current study. 28 All three NP designs were coated with PEG (Figure 1), ensuring that their interaction with biological matter in the brain would be comparable, and were labeled with copper-64 ( 64 Cu-NPs), denominated as 64 Cu-AuNP (8), 64 Cu-AuNP (40), and 64 Cu-LIP (130), for quantitative PET imaging. We tested our delivery platform in pigs, driven by their anatomical brain similarities to humans.…”

In vivo distribution of cerebrospinal fluid tracer in human upper spinal cord and brain stem

“…In animal studies, the delivery of intrathecal drugs to the CNS via the glymphatic system can be enhanced by systemic drugs ( 46 , 47 ) and ultrasound ( 48 ). The physiochemical complexity, the possibility to modulate the distribution of agents in the thecal space, and differences between species emphasize the importance of further human CSF tracer studies.…”