Glyoxalase activity in human red blood cells fractioned by age

The glyoxalase system: new developments towards functional characterization of a metabolic pathway fundamental to biological life

“…The whole blood concentration of methylglyoxal increased but the whole blood concentration of S-D-lactoylglutathione was not significantly changed in both diabetes models (Thornalley & Atkins, 1989). Changes in glyoxalase activities did not correspond to those expected for a change in age distribution of red blood cells (McLellan & Thornalley, 1989). It is clear that onset of diabetes either influences glyoxalase synthesis in red blood cell precursors or induces a post-translational modification of glyoxalase in red blood cells.…”

Cloning and characterization of a novel gene (C17orf25) from the deletion region on chromosome 17p13.3 in hepatocelular carcinoma

“…This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of the methylglyoxal-glutathione conjugate to S-D lactoylglutathione, which in turn is hydrolyzed by glyoxalase II into D-lactate and glutathione (GSH). This cytosolic enzyme system is among the earliest expressed proteins during the embryogenesis and development and it would persist throughout all the course of maturation, adult life and senescence [26]. The main physiological substrates for the glyoxalase system are methylglyoxal formed from the EmbdenMeyerhof pathway and glyxal formed from lipid peroxidation and glycation reactions [27].…”

The Effects of Pre-Analytical Processing and Storage on Bovine Blood D- and L-Lactate Concentrations

“…In fact, methylglyoxal metabolism to D-lactate has been proposed as a detoxification pathway [31,33]. Increases in sample concentration of D-lactate due to this ongoing glyoxylase pathway in cells will likely be progressive over time since, once accumulated in vitro, D-lactate cannot undergo further metabolism [31,34]. We can only speculate that continued storage of plasma samples would eventually have resulted in a significant rise in D-lactate concentrations.…”

“…D-Lactate production may continue after blood is collected as a result of the glyoxylase metabolic pathway. This pathway is present in the cytosol of all cells, including erythrocytes [31,32]. The glyoxylase system detoxifies and catalyses the conversion of methylglyoxal, a reactive glycating agent formed when carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids are metabolized.…”

“…The glyoxylase system detoxifies and catalyses the conversion of methylglyoxal, a reactive glycating agent formed when carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids are metabolized. In fact, methylglyoxal metabolism to D-lactate has been proposed as a detoxification pathway [31,33]. Increases in sample concentration of D-lactate due to this ongoing glyoxylase pathway in cells will likely be progressive over time since, once accumulated in vitro, D-lactate cannot undergo further metabolism [31,34].…”