Glyphosate application and timing of tillage of red clover affects potato response to N, soil N profile, and root and soil nematodes

Abstract

, J. 1999. Glyphosate application and timing of tillage of red clover affects potato response to N, soil N profile, and root and soil nematodes. Can J. Soil Sci. 79: 65-72. The effects of glyphosate application and time of tillage of red clover on soil NO 3 -N profiles, the response of the subsequent potato crop to varying rates of N fertilizer application, and root and soil nematodes, were evaluated. The study was conducted over three cropping seasons on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam on Prince Edward Island. Red clover was moldboard ploughed in mid-September (early fall), or moldboard or chisel ploughed in mid-October (late fall), or moldboard ploughed in the spring. Glyphosate was applied in early fall and the dead clover was moldboard or chisel ploughed in mid-October or left undisturbed until spring. A barley control, where barley was harvested and straw incorporated with a tandem disc harrow in early September, was included. Potato were planted with 6 rates of N (0 to 250 kg ha -1 in 50-kg increments) band applied at planting. The barley control treatment produced lower potato yield without fertilizer N in all 3 yr of the study compared to red clover treatments, but potato yields were similar at high rates of applied N. Potato tuber yields after spring moldboard ploughing of red clover were higher at low N rates and lower at high N rates than yields after late fall treatment in one year of the study. Concentrations of nitrate-N in the soil in mid-November were highest following the early fall moldboard ploughing and lowest in the undisturbed clover plots. Fall soil nitrate-N levels were intermediate following the glyphosate application and late fall tillages. Early spring soil nitrate-N levels in the surface 30 cm were generally highest with the spring and late fall tillage and lowest with the early fall tillage. Levels of nitrate-N in potato petioles increased with increased rates of N application and generally increased as tillage of the red clover was delayed from early fall to late fall to spring. In general, cultivation and the application of glyphosate did not affect soil and root nematode populations. In two instances, the moldboard plough tillage treatments were associated with higher levels of the clover-cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii. One of the tillage treatments was combined with glyphosate, but this was the only case where the herbicide had an impact on nematodes. To maximize the benefits to the subsequent potato crop and to minimize leaching of nitrate, incorporation of legume residue should be delayed until the rate of mineralization and nitrification of the legume N is minimized. It is suggested that incorporation of red clover be delayed until after mid-October for clover-potato systems on PEI.Key words: Glyphosate, nematodes, nitrate leaching, petiole nitrate-N, potato, soil nitrate-N, tillage time Sanderson, J. B., MacLeod, J. A. et Kimpinski, J. 1999. Effets du traitement au glyphosate et du temps choisi pour le retournement de la sole de trèfle rouge sur la réponse de la pomme de ...

Long-term conservation tillage in potato rotations in Atlantic Canada: Potato productivity, tuber quality and nutrient content

“…Furthermore, the relatively high N content of the red clover would probably encourage rapid mineralization and decomposition of the red clover mulch, compared with mulch from grain crops (e.g., Neeteson 1989;Sanderson et al 1999).…”

“…Neeteson (1989) showed that the addition of red clover in a 4-yr potato rotation, on a heavy loam soil in The Netherlands, could lower the fertilizer N requirement in the potato year, although nitrate-N leaching in the winter period after clover growth was a concern. On sandy loam soils in Prince Edward Island, Sanderson et al (1999) compared time of mouldboard and chisel plough autumn tillage of red clover with the soil nitrate-N profiles under the following potato crop. Compared with a barley control, inclusion of red clover prior to potato provided a substantial N source for the subsequent potato crop and also influenced soil nitrate-N profiles.…”

Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada with soil nitrate determinations

“…The relationship between Nop and spring soil NO 3 -N did not change significantly when we consider the data with forages as a previous crop separately (Fig.1, Table 2). This is not surprising because the time of fall ploughing of forages can substantially affect the quantity of mineralized soil N in the spring (Sanderson et al 1999). In our field experiment, the timing of fall ploughing was not controlled but determined by individual landowners at all sites.…”

Estimation of soil nitrogen supply in potato fields using a plant bioassay approach

“…For example, crop yield response to increasing rates of fertilizer N application (Sanderson et al 1999;Bélanger et al 2000) provides an estimate of the optimal fertilizer N rate, and can be used to estimate the relative magnitude of soil N supply. Similarly, plant-based tests can be used to assess crop N sufficiency (Porter and Sisson 1991a;Minotti et al 1994).…”