Glyphosate Effects on Plant Mineral Nutrition, Crop Rhizosphere Microbiota, and Plant Disease in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops

Duke, Stephen O.; Lydon, John; Koskinen, William C.; Moorman, ThomasB.; Chaney, Rufus L.; Hammerschmidt, Raymond

doi:10.1021/jf302436u

Cited by 236 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(493 reference statements)

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“…So, the glyphosate absorption through the plant cuticles is not fast and occurs mainly through the polar pathway (through the cutin matrix). Glyphosate also shows no significant soil activity due to its very high soil adsorption (discussed in detail by Duke et al (2012), so that it is not used as a pre-emergent herbicide. On the other hand, glyphosate translocation in susceptible plants occurs through the xylem (migration to the tips of the treated leaves) and the phloem (migration to untreated leaves, the rest of shoot, and roots), reaching the meristematic tissues (Duke, 1988;Duke et al, 2003;Gougler and Geiger, 1981), where it accumulates to toxic levels, causing cell death.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth Responses of Apple and Pear Trees to Doses of Glyphosate

et al. 2016

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-Glyphosate is commonly used for intra-row weed management in perennial plantations, where unintended crop exposure to this herbicide can cause growth reduction. The objective of this research was to analyze the initial plant growth behavior of young apple and pear plants exposed to glyphosate. Glyphosate was sprayed on 2-year-old 'Gala' apple and 'Abbè Fetel' pear plants at doses from 18 to 720 g per hectare of acid equivalent (a.e.). The plant height of neither species was not significantly reduced (less than 1%) by any glyphosate dose at 240 days after spraying, whereas the stem diameter and the dry mass of stem and leaves were reduced by 720 g a.e. ha -1 . The glyphosate dose required to reduce the aboveground dry mass by 50% was 162 and 148 g a.e. ha -1 for apple and pear, respectively. Aboveground dry mass was reduced 2% and 6% for apple and pear plants, respectively, at 720 g a.e. ha -1 . Hormesis was not observed in either species at doses down to 18 g a.e. ha -1 . Both species showed low susceptibility to glyphosate; however apple was less susceptible than pear. Keywords: N-phosphonomethyl-glycine, Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, spray drift. RESUMO -Glyphosate é comumente usado para manejo de plantas daninhas na linha de plantio de culturas perenes, onde a exposição não intencional da cultura a esse herbicida pode causar redução do crescimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento do crescimento inicial de

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth Responses of Apple and Pear Trees to Doses of Glyphosate

et al. 2016

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“…Some recent reports indicate the potential for indirect effects of glyphosate via its complexation with trace nutrients resulting in increases in pathogenic soil microorganisms, perhaps due to stressed plants [187,188]. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature on the potential for glyphosate to select for soil pathogens [189]. One possible outcome that is not well-documented is that large areas that are devoid of vegetation due to glyphosate application will have lower soil microbial biomass and activities simply due to the lack plant hosts, exudates, and residues.…”

Section: A General Approach: Modify the Whole Soil Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation

et al. 2015

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Our objective is to provide an optimistic strategy for reversing soil degradation by increasing public and private research efforts to understand the role of soil biology, particularly microbiology, on the health of our world's soils. We begin by defining soil quality/soil health (which we consider to be interchangeable terms), characterizing healthy soil resources, and relating the significance of soil health to agroecosystems and their functions. We examine how soil biology influences soil health and how biological properties and processes contribute to sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services. We continue by examining what can be done to manipulate soil biology to: (i) increase nutrient availability for production of high yielding, high quality crops; (ii) protect crops from pests, pathogens, weeds; and (iii) manage other factors limiting production, provision of ecosystem services, and resilience to stresses like droughts. Next we look to the future by asking what needs to be known about soil biology that is not currently recognized or fully understood and how these needs could be addressed using emerging research tools. We conclude, based on our perceptions of how new knowledge regarding soil biology will help make agriculture more sustainable and productive, by recommending research emphases that should receive first priority through enhanced public and private research in order to reverse the trajectory toward global soil degradation.

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“…This is largely due to the advent of Roundup Ready crops, in which the gene that encodes the enzymatic target of the active ingredient glyphosate is modified (Duke et al, 2012) (Figure 1A). Thus, these genetically-modified crops (e.g., soybean, corn) are protected against glyphosate applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species

Aristilde

Reed

Wilkes

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Previous studies have reported adverse effects of glyphosate on crop-beneficial soil bacterial species, including several soil Pseudomonas species. Of particular interest is the elucidation of the metabolic consequences of glyphosate toxicity in these species. Here we investigated the growth and metabolic responses of soil Pseudomonas species grown on succinate, a common root exudate, and glyphosate at different concentrations. We conducted our experiments with one agricultural soil isolate, P. fluorescens RA12, and three model species, P. putida KT2440, P. putida S12, and P. protegens Pf-5. Our results demonstrated both species-and strain-dependent growth responses to glyphosate. Following exposure to a range of glyphosate concentrations (up to 5 mM), the growth rate of both P. protegens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens RA12 remained unchanged whereas the two P. putida strains exhibited from 0 to 100% growth inhibition. We employed a 13 C-assisted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to monitor disruptions in metabolic homeostasis and fluxes. Profiling of the whole-cell metabolome captured deviations in metabolite levels involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ribonucleotide biosynthesis, and protein biosynthesis. Altered metabolite levels specifically in the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids (AAs), the target of toxicity for glyphosate in plants, implied the same toxicity target in the soil bacterium. Kinetic flux experiments with 13 C-labeled succinate revealed that biosynthetic fluxes of the aromatic AAs were not inhibited in P. fluorescens Pf-5 in the presence of low and high glyphosate doses but these fluxes were inhibited by up to 60% in P. putida KT2440, even at sub-lethal glyphosate exposure. Notably, the greatest inhibition was found for the aromatic AA tryptophan, an important precursor to secondary metabolites. When the growth medium was supplemented with aromatic AAs, P. putida S12 exposed to a lethal dose of glyphosate completely recovered in terms of both growth rate and selected Aristilde et al.Metabolomics of Glyphosate Effects on Soil Bacteria metabolite levels. Collectively, our findings led us to conclude that the glyphosateinduced specific disruption of de novo biosynthesis of aromatic AAs accompanied by widespread metabolic disruptions was responsible for dose-dependent adverse effects of glyphosate on sensitive soil Pseudomonas species.

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Glyphosate Effects on Plant Mineral Nutrition, Crop Rhizosphere Microbiota, and Plant Disease in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops

Cited by 236 publications

References 223 publications

Plant Growth Responses of Apple and Pear Trees to Doses of Glyphosate

Plant Growth Responses of Apple and Pear Trees to Doses of Glyphosate

Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation

Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species

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