“…Thus photonic lanterns have applications wherever there is a need to convert light between single-mode and multimode systems, especially if the distribution of light between output states (cores or modes) is unimportant. One example is in astronomical instrumentation, where the multimode light delivered by a telescope needs to be spectrally-filtered by single-mode fibre Bragg gratings [1,3,[10][11][12]18,21,23,25,26,28,31,37,39,41,49,54,64,66]. Another is in optical telecommunications, where individual channels of information delivered by single-mode fibres need to be multiplexed via orthogonal combinations of modes in a common few-mode fibre [20,33,35,36,40,42,43,[46][47][48]52,53,57,58,67,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79].…”