Gnotobiotic Rats Reveal That Gut Microbiota Regulates Colonic mRNA of
            <i>Ace2</i>
            , the Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity

Yang, Tao; Chakraborty, Saroj; Saha, Piu; Mell, Blair; Cheng, Xi; Yeo, Ji‐Youn; Mei, Xue; Zhou, Guannan; Mandal, Juthika; Golonka, Rachel M.; Yeoh, Beng San; Putluri, Vasanta; Piyarathna, Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee; Putluri, Nagireddy; McCarthy, Cameron G.; Sreekumar, Arun; Gewirtz, Andrew T.; Joe, Bina

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15360

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Both of the clostridia species are associated with the bacteremia and human infections [ 42 – 44 ] and Coprobacillus is shown to up-regulate the ACE-2 receptor. [ 45 ] Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Alistipes onderdonkii have been shown to have a negative correlation with COVID-19 severity according to the above described study. Alistipe s are involved in maintaining gut immune homeostasis, while Faecalibacteriump rausnitzii is considered to have anti-inflammatory properties which might be required due to presence of a high inflammatory response during COVID-19.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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COVID-19 and Gut Microbiota: A Potential Connection

et al. 2021

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Currently, world is facing a global outbreak causing a pandemic threat known as COVID-19. This infectious disease is triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Gut microbiota harbours multi species community with a strong impact on host immune homeostasis. However, our knowledge about this gut microbiota and its symbiotic relationship with immune activation in association with SARS-CoV-2 is limited. Unbalanced bacterial flora with too many opportunistic infections can shift immune system towards a cascade of inflammatory responses leading to multi organ damage. This review will highlight immune-regulation via various mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diet has an unbelievable influence on gut microbiome that allows a new state of homeostasis to be reached through timing, frequency and duration of intake. This review article focuses on gut, lung microbiota and immunomodulation with specific attention on immune activation by gut microbiota.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Among them, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides massiliensis showed significant negative correlation with faecal SARS-CoV-2 specimen load [ 42 ], and all of these are associated with the decrease of ACE-2 expression in the colon. [ 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Gut Microbiota: A Potential Connection

et al. 2021

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“…59 In another recent study using gnotobiotic (germ-free) rats was observed a decrease in ACE2 expression in the colon, that contributed to the pathology during COVID-19. 60 There are numerous studies that have shown that by regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which includes ACE2, one can modulate systemic inflammation. 61 Angiotensin II receptor blockers are widely used compounds that are therapeutically effective in cardiovascular disorders, renal disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Interaction With Intestinal Ace2 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Villapol

2020

Translational Research

305

302

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health issue across the globe. At the onset, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system as it represents the main point of entry in the host, but it also can affect multiple organs. Although most of the patients do not present symptoms or are mildly symptomatic, some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 that experience more severe multiorgan dysfunction. The severity of COVID-19 is typically combined with a set of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or advanced age that seriously exacerbates the consequences of the infection. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain during the early phases of the disease. Intestinal dysfunction induces changes in intestinal microbes, and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Thus, diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms that precede respiratory problems during COVID-19 may be necessary for improved early detection and treatment. Uncovering the composition of the microbiota and its metabolic products in the context of COVID-19 can help determine novel biomarkers of the disease and help identify new therapeutic targets. Elucidating changes to the microbiome as reliable biomarkers in the context of COVID-19 represent an overlooked piece of the disease puzzle and requires further investigation. (Translational Research 2020; 226:57À69) Abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ACE2 = Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II; CNS = central nervous system; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CPR = C-reactive protein; H1N1 = influenza A virus; IL = Interleukin; MERS = Middle East respiratory syndrome; PRS = proteomic risk score; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCFA = short-chain fatty acids; RAS = renin-angiotensin system; ROS = Reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; TMPRSS2 = transmembrane serine protease 2; TNFa = tumor necrosis factor alpha;

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“…At genus level, decreased levels of Clostridium and Bacteroides were observed in some COVID-19 patients. It was further found that Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides massiliensis, and Bacteroides ovatus could downregulate expression level of ACE2, and was inversely correlated with SARS-CoV-2 load in fecal samples ( Zuo et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). ACE2 downregulation increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and gut dysbiosis via decreasing secretion of antimicrobial peptides ( Dupont et al, 2014 ), which indicated that gut microbiota may affect SARS-CoV-2 ability to invade gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Apocalypse Now From the Pastmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gordian Knot: Gastrointestinal lesions caused by three highly pathogenic coronaviruses from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2

Meng

Lou

Yang

et al. 2021

European Journal of Pharmacology

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is currently spreading around the world. The WHO declared on January 31 that the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was a public health emergency. SARS-Cov-2 is a member of highly pathogenic coronavirus group that also consists of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although respiratory tract lesions were regarded as main manifestation of SARS-Cov-2 infection, gastrointestinal lesions were also reported. Similarly, patients with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were also observed. Common gastrointestinal symptoms of patients mainly included diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Gastrointestinal lesions could be used as basis for early diagnosis of patients, and at the same time, controlling gastrointestinal lesions better facilitated to cut off the route of fecal-oral transmission. Hence, this review summarizes the characteristics and mechanism of gastrointestinal lesions caused by three highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, as well as SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, it is expected to gain experience from gastrointestinal lesions caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections in order to be able to better relieve SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Targetin gut microbiota to regulate the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be a concern. Especially, the application of nanotechnology may provide help for further controlling COVID-19.

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Gnotobiotic Rats Reveal That Gut Microbiota Regulates Colonic mRNA of Ace2 , the Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity

Cited by 69 publications

References 11 publications

COVID-19 and Gut Microbiota: A Potential Connection

COVID-19 and Gut Microbiota: A Potential Connection

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Gordian Knot: Gastrointestinal lesions caused by three highly pathogenic coronaviruses from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2

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