GnRH and GnRH receptors in the pathophysiology of the human female reproductive system

Maggi, Roberto; Cariboni, Anna; Marelli, Marina Montagnani; Moretti, Roberta M.; Andrè, Valentina; Marzagalli, Monica; Limonta, Patrizia

doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv059

Cited by 198 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 305 publications

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“…25 This mechanism is different from that of GnRH agonists, which after an initial stimulatory phase desensitize GnRH receptors in the pituitary and subsequently cause depletion of pituitary gonadotropins and full suppression of estradiol to levels that are equivalent to those associated with bilateral oophorectomy. 33 Agonists are effective in reducing both dysmenorrhea and nonmenstrual pelvic pain in women with endometriosis. 34 However, the profound estrogen suppression that is associated with their use leads to considerable hypoestrogenic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist

et al. 2017

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“…The hypothalamic decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also identified as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), may play a crucial part in the regulation of mammalian reproduction [46, 47]. GnRH binds to a specific GnRH receptor, a member of the large superfamily of seven transmembrane domain receptors that bind to G-proteins [48, 49]. Studies revealed that GnRH receptors is expressed in breast, ovarian, endometrial and prostate_ENREF_50 cancers and that the proliferation in vitro can be repressed by agonistic or antagonistic analogs in various human cancer cell lines [50-53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Significance of LncRNA PVT1 and Its Potential Target Gene Network in Human Cancers: a Comprehensive Inquiry Based Upon 21 Cancer Types and 9972 Cases

Qin

Lin

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Whether the level of long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (lncRNA PVT1) expression influences the clinical development and outcome of human cancers has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Inconsistencies still exist regarding the associations between PVT1 and the clinicopathological features, including patient survival data. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism of PVT1 among human cancers remains unclear. Methods: we conducted a comprehensive inquiry to verify the implication of PVT1 expression in cancer patients by conducting a meta-analysis of 19 selected studies and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to examine the relationship between PVT1 expression and both the prognosis and clinicopathological features of cancer patients using STATA 12.0. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the potential mRNA target genes of PVT1 gathered from TANRIC and Multi Experiment Matrix (MEM) were performed. Results: The level of PVT1 expression in tumor tissues was higher than in paired non-cancer tissues and was significantly associated with a poorer prognosis in cancer patients. Additionally, overexpression of PVT1 was significantly correlated with histological differentiation, tumor (T) classification, lymph node (N) classification and TNM stages. Furthermore, a total of 462 validated target genes were identified, and the GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the validated targets of PVT1 were significantly enriched in several pathways, including the GnRH signaling pathway, the Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, the Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels pathway, and the Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. Conclusion: PVT1 may serve as a potential biomarker associated with the progression and prognosis of human cancers.

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“…As opposed to hCG, a single dose of GnRHa induces an endogenous LH and FSH surge [8]. In addition, there are GnRH receptors on ovarian granulose cells, which have been shown to play a role in regulating ovulation [11,12]. It was hypothesized that the combined action of LH, FSH and GnRH may have a beneficial effect in improving oocyte maturation [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Final Oocyte Maturation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as Exclusive Luteal Support in Normal Responders

Beck-Fruchter

Baram

Geslevich

et al. 2018

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aims: Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist triggering results in an endogenous gonadotropin flare. Although it effectively stimulates ovulation, GnRH agonist triggers results in an early luteolysis and requires modification of the luteal support. The current study aims to evaluate GnRH agonist triggering with exclusive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) luteal support. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 56 normogonadotropic-assisted reproductive technology patients, stimulated using a GnRH-antagonist protocol, were studied. Final oocyte maturation was achieved with 0.2 mg triptorelin acetate followed by progesterone free luteal support with human choriogonadotropin (1,500 IU * 2). A control group was selected from a pool of 1,023 normogonadotropic patients who received Choriogonadotropin alfa for final oocyte maturation and progesterone suppositories for luteal support. Results: No significant difference was found for the number of oocytes, oocyte maturation rate, fertilization and implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate (25 vs. 26.7%) and live birth rate (25 vs. 21.4%). Progesterone levels in conception cycles were significantly higher in the study group than corresponding levels in the control group. Conclusion: GnRH agonist triggering with exclusive hCG support may be a valid alternative to hCG triggering with progesterone support. This protocol combines the potential advantages of a physiological trigger with a simple, patient-friendly, luteal support.

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GnRH and GnRH receptors in the pathophysiology of the human female reproductive system

Abstract: Increasing knowledge about the regulation of GnRH pulsatile release, as well as the therapeutic use of its analogues, offers interesting new perspectives in the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of female reproductive disorders, including tumoral and iatrogenic diseases.

Cited by 198 publications

References 305 publications

Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist

Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist

Prognostic Significance of LncRNA PVT1 and Its Potential Target Gene Network in Human Cancers: a Comprehensive Inquiry Based Upon 21 Cancer Types and 9972 Cases

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Final Oocyte Maturation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as Exclusive Luteal Support in Normal Responders

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