GNSS-Based Verticality Monitoring of Super-Tall Buildings

Abstract

In the construction of super-tall buildings, it is rather important to control the verticality. In general, a laser plummet is used to transmit coordinates of reference points from the ground layer-by-layer, which can effectively control the verticality of super-tall buildings. However, the errors in transmission will accumulate with increasing height and motion of the buildings in construction. This paper presents a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based method to check the results of laser plumbing. The method consists of four steps: (1) Computing the coordinate time series of monitoring points by adjusting the GNSS monitoring network observations at each epoch; (2) Analyzing the horizontal motion of super-tall buildings and its effect on vertical reference transmission; (3) Calculating the deflections of the vertical at the monitoring point using an Earth gravity field model and a geoid model. With deflections of the vertical, the static GNSS-measured coordinates are aligned to the same datum as used by the laser plummet; and (4) Finally, validating/checking the result of laser plumbing by comparing it with static GNSS results corrected by deflections of the vertical. A case study of a 438-m high building is tested in Guangzhou, China. The result demonstrates that the gross errors of baseline vectors can be eliminated effectively by GNSS network adjustment of the first step. The two-dimensional displacements can be measured at millimeter-level accuracy; the difference between the coordinates of the static GNSS measurement and laser plumbing is less than ±2.0 cm after correction with the deflections of the vertical, which meets the design requirement of ±3.0 cm according to the Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Buildings in China.

Monitoring system of high-rise buildings, determined from the nature of the curvature of the elastic line of vertical elements

“…(1) В исследованиях [3,5] рассматривается определение перемещений при помощи технологий глобальной навигационной спутниковой системы, где особое внимание уделяется контролю вертикальных элементов. Показания датчиков GPS должны корректироваться инклинометрами и учитываться показания анемометров по ветровой нагрузке.…”

“…The studies [3,5] consider the definition of movement by means of global navigational satellite system technologies, where special emphasis is placed on vertical element control. The GPS sensor readings must be corrected with inclinometers, while the wind load anemometer readings must be taken into account.…”

“…Для обеспечения безопасной жизнедеятельности в процессе эксплуатации требуется постоянный автоматический мониторинг технического состояния. Особое значение приобретает проблема мониторинга состояния конструкций на этапах строительства и эксплуатации [1][2][3][4][5]. Однако отсутствует полный алгоритм решения этой задачи.…”

“…In order to ensure the safety of life during operation, continuous automatic monitoring of the technical condition is required. The issue of monitoring the condition of structures at the stages of construction and operation is particularly important [1][2][3][4][5]. However, there is no complete algorithm for solving this problem.…”

Hybrid Wavelet and Principal Component Analyses Approach for Extracting Dynamic Motion Characteristics from Displacement Series Derived from Multipath-Affected High-Rate GNSS Observations

“…However, although previous studies accepted the accuracy of GNSS-PPP for estimating the dynamic components of motions, there is a lack of studies on the effect of multipath errors and observation noises on the results, as most of the PPP method testing was conducted in open sky areas [6,9,10]. The GNSS multipath errors and noises for static and dynamic movements are presented and discussed in [11][12][13], where the geometry of satellites and reflective surfaces are the main parameters affecting the multipath [14,15].…”