GNSS‐R ground‐based and airborne campaigns for ocean, land, ice, and snow techniques: Application to the GOLD‐RTR data sets

Cardellach, Estel; Fabra, Fran; Nogués-Correig, O.; Oliveras, S.; Ribó, S.; Rius, A.

doi:10.1029/2011rs004683

Cited by 123 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The use of Global Navigation Satellite Signals (GNSS)-reflected signals to recover soil properties (GNSS Reflectometry or GNSS-R) is a potential solution to this problem, and has already provided promising results [16][17][18][19]. The current results were, however, obtained on relatively flat surfaces, and consequently the methods developed so far are generally not well suited in mountainous terrain.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

et al. 2013

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Moisture content in the soil and snow in the alpine environment is an important factor, not only for environmentally oriented research, but also for decision making in agriculture and hazard management. Current observation techniques quantifying soil moisture or characterizing a snow pack often require dedicated instrumentation that measures either at point scale or at very large (satellite pixel) scale. Given the heterogeneity of both snow cover and soil moisture in alpine terrain, observations of the spatial distribution of moisture and snow-cover are lacking at spatial scales relevant for alpine hydrometeorology. This paper provides an overview of the challenges and status of the determination of soil moisture and snow properties in alpine environments. Current measurement techniques and newly proposed ones, based on the reception of reflected Global Navigation Satellite Signals (i.e., GNSS Reflectometry or GNSS-R), or the use of laser scanning are reviewed, and the perspectives offered by these new techniques to fill the current gap in the instrumentation level are discussed. Some key enabling technologies OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 3517 including the availability of modernized GNSS signals and GNSS array beamforming techniques are also considered and discussed.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

et al. 2013

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“…Then, in the GPS Open-Loop Differential Real-Time Receiver (GOLD-RTR) case [4], [5], the down-converted signal is counter-rotated using a counter-rotation phase model to remove the frequency of the signal. Finally, the remaining signal is ready for cross-correlation with the replica over a coherent integration time .…”

Section: A Conventional Gnss-r or Complex Cross-correlation Techniqumentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS-R Derived Centimetric Sea Topography: An Airborne Experiment Demonstration

Carreño-Luengo

Park

Camps

et al. 2013

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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The results of two airborne experiments performed to test the precision and the relative accuracy of the conventional Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique employing only the C/A code are presented. The first and the second experiments demonstrate, respectively, a 17 cm precision for a 500 m flight altitude with a 8 km along-track spatial resolution, and a 6 cm precision for a 3000 m flight altitude with a 6.6 km along-track spatial resolution. In both, the Relative Mean Dynamic Topography (RMDT) is compared with results derived from traditional radar altimetry provided by Jason-2. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of the RMDT difference between both measurement systems is 48 cm for the first flight, and 198 cm for the second flight. During the second flight, the feasibility of the proposed technique to measure the sea slopes is demonstrated by superposing over the aircraft ground track the measured sea surface height with the geoid undulations, which are about 1 meter.

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“…This proved the feasibility of sensing GNSS reflected signals from an airborne platform. Several remote sensing applications of GNSS reflected signals on different kind of surfaces (i.e., land, water or ice) have appeared [11]- [13], including the retrieval of the Mean Sea Surface Level (MSSL), also known as a GPS tide gauge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of Significant Wave Height and Mean Sea Surface Level Using the GNSS-R Interference Pattern Technique: Results From a Three-Month Field Campaign

Alonso-Arroyo

Camps

Park

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-Since 1993, when the European Space Agency (ESA) proposed the use of GNSS reflected signals for sea mesoscale altimetry, a wide range of applications have appeared. This work focuses on the retrieval of Significant Wave Height (SWH) and the Mean Sea Surface Level (MSSL) from a ground-based experiment using the Interference Pattern Technique (IPT). Two different observables on the IPT are analyzed: the oscillation frequency, and the angle where coherency is lost. The point where coherency in the reflection process is lost can be related to the Rayleigh criterion for smooth surfaces and helps to determine the SWH. Spectral analysis on the interference pattern helps to determine the MSSL. A three-month field campaign was performed on the "Pont del Petroli" pier, Badalona, Spain, to see how the reflected GNSS signals were affected by coastal sea state, and check previous assumptions. Results from this field experiment are shown confirming that the SWH can be retrieved with an accuracy of 6 cm and the MSSL with 4 cm. Estimations of both parameters are obtained every 30 minutes approximately.

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GNSS‐R ground‐based and airborne campaigns for ocean, land, ice, and snow techniques: Application to the GOLD‐RTR data sets

Cited by 123 publications

References 52 publications

Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

GNSS-R Derived Centimetric Sea Topography: An Airborne Experiment Demonstration

Retrieval of Significant Wave Height and Mean Sea Surface Level Using the GNSS-R Interference Pattern Technique: Results From a Three-Month Field Campaign

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