Goal instability and later life adjustment.

Robbins, Steven B.; Payne, E. Christopher; Chartrand, Judy M.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.3.447

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1 Consistent with theoretical properties and the study of hope, greater goal stability is associated with more optimal adjustment under times of duress and major life change (Robbins, Lee, & Wan, 1994;Robbins et al, 1990), self-reported competencies and outcomes (Lese & Robbins, 1994), and greater satisfaction with social and interpersonal relationships (Robbins, Lese, & Herrick, 1993). Furthermore, both goal stability and hope are believed to be healthy, socially appropriate manifestations of selfstrivings in contrast to more self-centered, narcissistic mannerisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 51%

Developing hope in the social context: Alternative perspectives of motive, meaning, and identity.

Elliott¹,

Sherwin²

1997

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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presented a developmental model of hope embedded within a social-cognitive framework. This is a feature common to most contemporary theories of reality negotiation processes. However, in this comment on the Snyder et al. piece, the authors believe that there are alternative accounts of the goal-directed behavior associated with hope that warrant consideration. They briefly describe these competing accounts available in Kohutian self psychology and in multicultural models of behavior. They note points of convergence and divergence, along with implications for clinical practice and theory-driven research. Snyder, Cheavens, and Sympson (1997) have attempted to satisfy a glaring need in our understanding of reality negotiation processes. Specifically, they have delineated basic familial and social dynamics that play an instrumental role in the development of hope in the individual. Furthermore, they have thoughtfully considered ways in which hope affects interpersonal interactions and group behavior. Clinicians have recognized for some time that hope is a critical element of effective group therapy (Yalom, 1985). Yet, a theoretical framework is needed to help clinicians understand how hope develops to appreciate deficiencies and then to design theoretically driven interventions that may augment, instill, refurbish, or build hope in persons who seek psychological services.The dynamics described by Snyder et al. (1997) are grounded in a social-cognitive framework, consonant with most contemporary views of reality negotiation (e.g., Snyder, 1989;Taylor & Brown, 1988). This model stipulates that goal-oriented beliefs and behaviors are modeled by significant others in the individual's early interpersonal environment. These beliefs are then internalized, and the behaviors are

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mentioning

confidence: 51%

Developing hope in the social context: Alternative perspectives of motive, meaning, and identity.

Elliott¹,

Sherwin²

1997

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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show abstract

“…Test-retest reliability of .76, internal consistency of .77, and factorial stability are indicators of its strong psychometric qualities. Goal instability has been found to be a more generalized measure of difficulty (Robbins, 1989) than originally hypothesized but has strong convergent, divergent, and construct validity (e.g., Robbins, Payne, & Chartrand, 1990;Robbins & Tucker, 1986;Watson et al, 1988). In any case, Watson et al (1988) found the Goal Instability Scale to correspond to maladaptive measures of narcissism, including psychic distress and poor empathic regard.…”

Section: Self-scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic needs of the self and perceptions of interpersonal behavior.

Robbins¹,

Dupont²

1992

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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A total of 78 mental health clients participating in therapy groups completed self-report measures corresponding to narcissistic personality defects derived from a self-psychology perspective and ratings of themselves on a checklist of interpersonal behavior. Also, pairs of group leaders were asked to rate clients on interpersonal behaviors. Results indicated a clear convergence of narcissistic needs and self-perceptions of interpersonal behaviors: Those with strong grandioseexhibitionistic needs viewed themselves as having both dominant and friendly behavior, whereas those with strong idealizing needs viewed themselves as being submissive and moderately hostile. Therapist ratings of interpersonal behaviors did not yield as many significant correlations with self-ratings of narcissistic needs: Those with grandiose-exhibitionistic needs were observed using dominant behavior and those with idealizing needs were observed using submissive behavior.The premise of this study is that the narcissistic needs of the self should be related to interpersonal behavior. Kohut (1971Kohut ( , 1977Kohut ( , 1984 constructed a comprehensive developmental theory called psychology of the self, in which narcissistic needs refer to the natural striving toward self-expression or self-promotion that is central to all personality development. From this perspective, self-expression and narcissism are parts of the same developmental process, in which the self increasingly relies on internal rather than external sources both to maintain a sense of permanence and well-being and to develop native talents and skills. Pathological narcissism is a result of faulty self-development and results in the maladaptive use of interpersonal relations to promote self-expression. Kohut (1971) theorized that the self is the initiating center of the personality and reflects basic narcissistic or self-expressive needs contained in two lines of development, the grandiose-exhibitionistic and the idealizing (a third line, the alter ego, was tentatively incorporated into the theory (Kohut, 1984) just prior to Kohut's death and is not used in this article). In the young child, the needs of the self are met through important others, who provide external sources of support and encouragement. Through phase-appropriate and nontraumatic lapses in parental empathy, the child begins to internally regulate a sense of stability and security and to use his or her native talents and skills. More specifically, in the grandiose-exhibitionistic sector, the immature self uses the admiration and approval of others to provide a sense of selfworth, whereas in the mature self, self-esteem and ambition are internally regulated. In the idealizing sector, the immature This project was funded in part by a biomedical grant-in-aid from Virginia Commonwealth University.We thank Donald J. Kiesler for assistance with the design and interpretation of this study and Stephen Herrick for help with the calculations of the intraclass correlation coefficients.

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“…The Goal Instability Scale has also demonstrated high reliability and identical factor structure among older adults as well (Robbins, Payne, & Chartrand, 1990). Speaking summarily, the Goal Instability Scale demonstrates strong psychometric properties as well as theoretically-expected relationships with other variables of interest.…”

Section: Superiority and Goal Instability Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%