Goal Orientation and Perceptions of the Motivational Climate Initiated by Parents

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between goal orientation and perceptions of the motivational climate initiated by parents among female volleyball players. Female volleyball players (N=204), ranging in age from 14 to 17 years (age M = 15.40), participated in the study. All subjects completed the 36-item Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate Questionnaire (PIMCQ-2) and the 13-item Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the predictor variables and goal orientation. Specifically, a climate where parents emphasized success without effort predicted ego orientation. Also, the results indicated that an individual’s perception of a climate fostered by parents that focused on learning/enjoyment predicted task orientation. Overall, results from this study indicated that female volleyball players’ perceptions of what their parents prefer and consider to be important in the learning of physical skills was related to dispositional goal orientation.

A systematic review of the intrapersonal correlates of motivational climate perceptions in sport and physical activity

“…Table 3). Likewise, eight analyses (Σn = 1,767,  = 220.9) correlated perceived motivational 11 climate with maladaptive strategies, which demonstrated a small, negative and heterogeneous 14 Moral functioning relates to the principles for how individuals ought to treat one another, 15 with respect to justice, others' welfare, and rights. In sport, this relates to striving to play well 16 and/or win without taking an unfair advantage over the opponent (Lemyre, Roberts & 17 Ommundsen, 2002).…”

“…For 1 the specific examination of whether competence was self-or norm-referenced, three studies (Σn = Regarding confidence and self-esteem, five samples (Σn = 1,105,  = 221) examined 8 perceptions of self-esteem and confidence with reference to the self, as opposed to the specific 9 task or skill. Following the same logic as perceived competence, the properties of a PTMC should 10 promote self-esteem and confidence, whereas a PEPC should either show no association or a 11 negative association. In support of these predictions, the analysis suggested a moderate, positive 12 and homogeneous association to PTMC ( c = 0.40, CI = 0.28-0.53), and a small, negative 13 homogeneous association to PEPC ( c = -0.14, CI = -0.42--0.15).…”

“…Future research may Athletes may experience the motivational 'pull and push' from the varying social agents who, 10 together, contribute to an overall motivational climate. Therefore, examining the interactive 11 effects of different social agents would advance knowledge on how sensitive athletes may be to 12 specific aspects of the motivational climate. Such research is important where social agents 13 promote conflicting messages: a common situation yet one where the current literature would not 14 be able to predict what outcomes to expect.…”

“…However, neither PTMC nor 9 PEPC demonstrated a relationship with age or experience (see Tables 2 and 3). Notably, the 10 majority of sample used narrow age ranges (closely aligned to those at the beginning of the 11 Results section) and none of the studies examining age or experience sampled participants over 12 the age of 21 years. 13 Perfectionism is a personality trait characterised by a person's striving for flawlessness: …”

“…Individual differences in goal orientation or goal 9 adoption emerged as an extensively studied correlate of PMC. Theoretical and empirical literature 10 generally predicts that there should be positive associations between a PTMC and task 11 orientation, and also PEPC and ego-orientation. There are no clear theoretical reasons to posit 12 correlations between PTMC and ego-orientation or PEPC and task-orientation.…”