Goal prediction in 2‐year‐old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye‐tracking study

Krogh-Jespersen, Sheila; Káldy, Zsuzsa; Valadez, Annalisa Groth; Carter, Alice S.; Woodward, Amanda L.

doi:10.1002/aur.1936

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although prevention science, developmental science, and neuroscience have largely proceeded along disparate lines, compelling evidence of the effectiveness of this approach will be derived via alteration of adverse neurodevelopmental trajectories towards adaptive brain:behavior patterns and healthy functioning. This must capitalize on advances in developmentally-sensitive neuroimaging and assessment that provide the capacity to detect neurodevelopmental impacts of intervention and psychopathology biomarkers from very early in life (Graham et al, 2015;Krogh-Jespersen, Kaldy, Valadez, Carter, & Woodward, 2018). Intermediate mechanisms that may explain this link would include reduced rate of escalation of irritability and impairment, and improvements in self-regulation, including executive function supported by optimal functioning of prefrontal regions (e.g., more typical recruitment of neural resources during frustration) (Grabell et al, 2017).…”

Section: Large-scale Selective Mental Health Risk Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Directions for Early Childhood Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Road Map to Mental Health, Earlier

Wakschlag

Roberts²,

Flynn

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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100

101

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Mental disorders are the predominant chronic diseases of youth, with substantial lifespan morbidity and mortality. A wealth of evidence demonstrates that the neurodevelopmental roots of common mental health problems are present in early childhood. Unfortunately, this has not been translated to systematic strategies for improving population level mental health at this most malleable neurodevelopmental period. We lay out a translational Mental Health, Earlier roadmap as a key future direction for prevention of mental disorder. This paradigm shift aims to reduce population attributable risk of mental disorder emanating from early life, by preventing, attenuating or delaying onset/course of chronic psychopathology via the promotion of selfregulation in early childhood within large scale healthcare delivery systems. The Earlier Pillar

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Section: Large-scale Selective Mental Health Risk Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Directions for Early Childhood Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Road Map to Mental Health, Earlier

Wakschlag

Roberts²,

Flynn

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

Self Cite

100

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Researchers have asked whether the social communication impairments characteristic of children with ASD may in part be attributed to differences in their action predictions and in how they segment events (Krogh-Jespersen, Kaldy, Valadez, Carter, & Woodward, 2018;von Hofsten, Uhlig, Adell, & Kochukhova, 2009;Zalla et al, 2013). One study found that when watching a video of two adults in a typical turn-taking conversation, preschoolers with ASD (mean age of 4.7 years) made fewer predictive saccades from one speaker to the next compared to typically developing (TD) 3-year-old children (von Hofsten et al, 2009).…”

Section: Non-normative Event Prediction and Segmentation In Childrementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has also examined why children with ASD struggle with making predictions in agentive action. Krogh‐Jespersen et al () adapted the paradigm developed by Woodward () to assess the action prediction capabilities of children with ASD. Children were familiarized with a video of an actor reaching for and grasping one of two objects presented side‐by‐side; then, the location of the toys was flipped, and the actor raised her hand to initiate another reaching action but paused prior to making a selection.…”

Section: Significance Of Event Segmentation For Other Developmental Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the familiarization—when the trajectory of the reach was visible—2‐year‐old children with ASD predicted the goal similar to TD children. However, when viewing the actor's subsequent incomplete reach, 2‐year‐old children with ASD, unlike TD children, systematically made action predictions based on the prior location of the actor's goal rather than the actor's prior goal (Krogh‐Jespersen et al, ). Thus, while TD children use prediction of actors’ goals to parse agentive action, children with ASD may be more likely to base their action predictions on low‐level movement information, such as action kinematics.…”

Section: Significance Of Event Segmentation For Other Developmental Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finding events in a continuous world: A developmental account

Levine

Buchsbaum

Hirsh‐Pasek

et al. 2018

Developmental Psychobiology

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Event segmentation is a fundamental process of human cognition that organizes the continuous flux of activity into discrete, hierarchical units. The mechanism of event segmentation in infants seems to parallel the mechanism studied in adults, which centers on action predictability. Statistical learning appears to bootstrap infants’ event segmentation by generating action predictions without relying on prior knowledge. Infants’ first‐hand experiences with goal‐directed actions further enhance their prediction of others’ actions. Scaffolds for event segmentation are available in the input, with caregivers providing redundant cues to event boundaries through the use of motionese and acoustic packaging. Research points to the importance of developing event segmentation skills for development in other areas of cognition, including memory, social competence, and language, though more work is needed to capture the directionality of effects. Although event segmentation is a relatively new area of focus in cognition, this process illuminates how children make sense of an ever‐changing world.

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“…For example, some studies have found that ASC individuals have varying degrees of impairment in intelligence (Spencer et al, 2007), cognitive control (Solomon et al, 2008), implicit learning (Vivanti and Rogers, 2014), and action anticipation (Ganglmayer et al, 2019). Meanwhile, the impairment of intelligence, cognitive control, implicit learning, and action anticipation in ASC individuals can provide some explanation for their impairment in social communication (Lieberman, 2000; Hughes, 2001; Sinha et al, 2014; Foti et al, 2015; Krogh-Jespersen et al, 2018; Bertollo and Yerys, 2019). However, because the reports on these variables in the study of ASC individuals' empathy impairment are incomplete and the measurement tools are inconsistent, we do not further analyse these variables in this research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions From a Multidimensional Perspective: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Background: Although empathy has always been considered to be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs), the relevant findings have been inconsistent. The present meta-analysis aims to determine which empathy components are impaired and how culture, gender, and age moderate such empathy impairment.Methods: By using “Autism,” “Asperger Syndrome,” “Empathy,” and related Chinese synonyms as keywords, we searched the databases of Weipu, Wanfang, CNKI, Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and Elsevier through “subject” and “keyword” searches. We also conducted a manual search according to the references. In total, 51 studies from Eastern and Western countries were included in this meta-analysis, which comprised 144 independent effects, 2,095 individuals with ASCs and 2,869 controls without ASCs. For the retrieved data, Hedge's g was taken as the quantitative measure of effect, and CMA V2.0 software was used for publication bias tests (by using Rosenthal's Classic Failsafe-N and Egger's methods), heterogeneity tests (by using a Q-test, I2-test, and H-test) and a moderating effect test (by using a univariate regression model).Results: The results showed that the empathy impairment evident in individuals with ASCs is component specific; that is, trait-cognitive empathy, trait-empathic concern, state-cognitive empathy, and state-empathic concern are impaired, whereas state-empathic accuracy remains intact, and trait-empathic accuracy is superior to the trait-empathic accuracy in neurotypical individuals. The univariate regression model showed that gender moderates the impairment of the trait-empathic concern, trait-empathic accuracy, and state-cognitive empathy in autistic individuals and that age moderates the impairment of the trait-cognitive empathy, trait-empathic accuracy, state-empathic concern, and state-empathic accuracy in autistic individuals. However, culture does not moderate any empathy components (trait-cognitive empathy, trait-empathic concern, or state-cognitive empathy) involved in the present meta-analysis.Conclusions: These findings contribute to ending the controversy over the empathic integrity of individuals with ASCs and shed some light on future research about the empathy impairment of autistic individuals. More specifically, subsequent studies should distinguish specific empathy components and consider the role of gender and age when demonstrating empathy impairment in individuals with ASCs. Moreover, related studies based on Asian collectivist cultural samples and female samples should be further enriched.

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Goal prediction in 2‐year‐old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye‐tracking study

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Future Directions for Early Childhood Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Road Map to Mental Health, Earlier

Future Directions for Early Childhood Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Road Map to Mental Health, Earlier

Finding events in a continuous world: A developmental account

Empathy Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions From a Multidimensional Perspective: A Meta-Analysis

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