Goals and status of the International Reference Ionosphere

Rawer, K.; Bilitza, D.; Ramakrishnan, S.

doi:10.1029/rg016i002p00177

Cited by 268 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For a given location, time, and date, the IRI model describes the electron density, temperature, composition, and TEC. The first widely circulated edition of this model was IRI-78 [Rawer et al, 1978] and several updated versions were released in the later years [Bilitza, 1986[Bilitza, , 1990[Bilitza, , 2001Bilitza and Reinisch, 2008]. The latest available version of this model is IRI-2012 [Bilitza et al, 2014] with significant improvements in estimating the electron density as well as the electron temperature and ion composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the performance of the IRI‐2012 and NeQuick2 models during the increasing phase of the unusual 24th solar cycle in the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude sectors

Venkatesh

Fagundes

Seemala³

et al. 2014

JGR Space Physics

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It is known that the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere is characterized with typical dynamical phenomena namely, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Accurate modeling of the characteristic variations of the EIA is more important to arrive at the correct estimation of range delays required for the communication and navigation applications. The total electron content (TEC) data from a chain of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers at seven identified locations from equator to the anomaly crest and beyond along 315°E geographic longitude in the Brazilian sector are considered. The performances of the latest available IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 models have been investigated during 2010-2013 in the increasing phase of the 24th solar cycle. A comparative study on the morphological variations of the GPS measured and modeled TEC revealed that the performances of the models are improved during low solar activity periods compared to that during the increased solar activity years. The strength and the locations of the EIA crest are nearly well represented by both the models during the low solar activity while the models underestimate the peak TEC at the EIA during the increased solar activity conditions. The deviations between the GPS-measured and model-derived TEC are more during equinoctial and summer months at and around the anomaly crest locations. Significant differences have also been observed in between the TEC values derived from both the models. The causes for the discrepancies in the modeled TEC values are discussed based on the model-derived and ionosonde-measured vertical electron density profiles variations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the performance of the IRI‐2012 and NeQuick2 models during the increasing phase of the unusual 24th solar cycle in the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude sectors

Venkatesh

Fagundes

Seemala³

et al. 2014

JGR Space Physics

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“…For comparison with the International Reference Ionosphere IRI [Rawer et al, 1978 and1981) it might be desirable to express the profile as a sum of Epstein-stepfunctions [Booker, 1977). This, however, need not be done at the ionosonde site.…”

Section: Discussion Of Electron Density Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Scaling of Digisonde Ionograms Test and Evaluation Report.

Reinisch¹,

Tang²,

Gamache³

1982

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“…The Bent et al [1972] model, one of the earliest and still heavily used models, is based on a few years of Alouette 1 topside sounder data. The IRI topside model [Rawer et al, 1978], the de facto international standard, is an analytical representation of the Bent et al [1972] model with input from incoherent scatter radar data. Both of these important models are therefore based on only a small fraction of the empirical evidence collected by the Alouette/ISIS satellites.…”

Section: Topside Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topside Ionogram Scaler With True Height Algorithm (TOPIST): Automated processing of ISIS topside ionograms

et al. 2004

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The United States/Canadian ISIS‐1 and ISIS‐2 satellites collected several million topside ionograms in the 1960s and 1970s with a multinational network of ground stations that provided good global coverage. However, processing of these ionograms into electron density profiles required time‐consuming manual scaling of the traces from the analog ionograms, and as a result, only a few percent of the ionograms had been processed into electron density profiles. In recent years an effort began to digitize the analog recordings to prepare the ionograms for computerized analysis. As of November 2002, approximately 390,000 ISIS‐1 and ISIS‐2 digital topside‐sounder ionograms have been produced. The Topside Ionogram Scaler With True Height Algorithm (TOPIST) program was developed for the automated scaling of the echo traces and for the inversion of these traces into topside electron density profiles. The program is based on the techniques that have been successfully applied in the analysis of ground‐based Digisonde ionograms. The TOPIST software also includes an “editing option” for manual scaling of the more difficult ionograms, which could not be scaled during the automated TOPIST run. TOPIST is now successfully scaling ∼60% of the ISIS ionograms, and the electron density profiles are available through the online archive of the National Space Science Data Center at ftp://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacecraft_data/isis/topside_sounder. This data restoration effort is producing a unique global database of topside electron densities over more than one solar cycle, which will be of particular importance for improvements of topside ionosphere models, especially the International Reference Ionosphere.

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Goals and status of the International Reference Ionosphere

Cited by 268 publications

References 13 publications

On the performance of the IRI‐2012 and NeQuick2 models during the increasing phase of the unusual 24th solar cycle in the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude sectors

On the performance of the IRI‐2012 and NeQuick2 models during the increasing phase of the unusual 24th solar cycle in the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude sectors

Automatic Scaling of Digisonde Ionograms Test and Evaluation Report.

Topside Ionogram Scaler With True Height Algorithm (TOPIST): Automated processing of ISIS topside ionograms

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