Goals and Values of Farmers

Gasson, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1973.tb00952.x

Cited by 432 publications

(387 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Many approaches to understanding decision making assume that the decision maker is only focussed on maximising profit, which may in fact not always be the case. Farmers, particularly on small farms, tend to value the way of life, independence and performance above expressive, social and instrumental aspects such as a high income (Gasson, 1973;Muri et al, personal communication).…”

Section: Knowledge Transfer: Challenges and Successesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice

Dwyer

Conington

Corbière

et al. 2016

Animal

168

104

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Neonatal mortality in small ruminant livestock has remained stubbornly unchanging over the past 40 years, and represents a significant loss of farm income, contributes to wastage and affects animal welfare. Scientific knowledge about the biology of neonatal adaptation after birth has been accumulating but does not appear to have had an impact in improving survival. In this paper, we ask what might be the reasons for the lack of impact of the scientific studies of lamb and kid mortality, and suggest strategies to move forward. Biologically, it is clear that achieving a good intake of colostrum, as soon as possible after birth, is crucial for neonatal survival. This provides fuel for thermoregulation, passive immunological protection and is involved in the development of attachment between the ewe and lamb. The behaviour of the lamb in finding the udder and sucking rapidly after birth is a key component in ensuring sufficient colostrum is ingested. In experimental studies, the main risk factors for lamb mortality are low birthweight, particularly owing to poor maternal nutrition during gestation, birth difficulty, litter size and genetics, which can all be partly attributed to their effect on the speed with which the lamb reaches the udder and sucks. Similarly, on commercial farms, low birthweight and issues with sucking were identified as important contributors to mortality. In epidemiological studies, management factors such as providing assistance with difficult births, were found to be more important than risk factors associated with housing. Social science studies suggest that farmers generally have a positive attitude to improving neonatal mortality but may differ in beliefs about how this can be achieved, with some farmers believing they had no control over early lamb mortality. Facilitative approaches, where farmers and advisors work together to develop neonatal survival strategies, have been shown to be effective in achieving management goals, such as optimising ewe nutrition, that lead to reductions in lamb mortality. We conclude that scientific research is providing useful information on the biology underpinning neonatal survival, such as optimal birthweights, lamb vigour and understanding the importance of sufficient colostrum intake, but the transfer of that knowledge would benefit from an improved understanding of the psychology of management change on farm. Developing tailored solutions, on the basis of adequate farm records, that make use of the now substantial body of scientific literature on neonatal mortality will help to achieve lower neonatal mortality.Keywords: neonatal mortality, sheep, goat, knowledge transfer ImplicationsResearch into neonatal mortality of small ruminants has addressed relevant biological issues and provided practical solutions to some of the issues (such as improving ewe nutrition and ensuring adequate colostrum intakes). There is, however, more that could be done in transferring this information into practice, and application of social science methods to address barriers...

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Section: Knowledge Transfer: Challenges and Successesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice

Dwyer

Conington

Corbière

et al. 2016

Animal

168

104

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“…Internal factors include those personal, socio-economic and biophysical factors inherent to the farmer and to the farming system. In particular, existence of a successor, type of farm, amount of land and environmental constraints and possibilities are likely to influence land-use decisions (Gasson 1973;Gorton et al 2008;Ilbery 1978;Willock et al 1999). External factors relate to the biophysical and socioeconomic context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An agent-based approach to model land-use change at a regional scale

et al. 2009

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Land-use/cover change (LUCC) is a complex process that includes actors and factors at different social and spatial levels. A common approach to analyse and simulate LUCC as the result of individual decisions is agent-based modelling (ABM). However, ABM is often applied to simulate processes at local scales, while its application in regional studies is limited. This paper describes first a conceptual framework for ABM to analyse and explore regional LUCC processes. Second, the conceptual framework is represented by combining different concepts including agent typologies, farm trajectories and probabilistic decision-making processes. Finally, the framework is illustrated through a case study in the Netherlands, where processes of farm cessation, farm expansion and farm diversification are shaping the structure of the landscape. The framework is a generic, straightforward approach to analyse and explore regional LUCC with an explicit link to empirical approaches for parameterization of ABM.

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“…Quanto à tomada de decisão dos agricultores, um estudo pioneiro desenvolvido por Gasson (1973) considerou a importância dos valores e dos objetivos nas decisões dos mesmos. Segundo essa autora, os modelos normativos com base na teoria econômica neoclássica, que considera um critério único para buscar soluções ótimas de maximização de lucros, são claramente inadequados para entender o comportamento dos agricultores no processo de tomada de decisão.…”

Section: O Processo De Tomada De Decisão Dos Agricultoresunclassified

“…Os objetivos dos agricultores não são apenas numerosos, mas muitas vezes também conflitantes, e nem todos esses objetivos se traduzem em valores monetários. Afora isso, Gasson (1973), trabalhando com produtores do Reino Unido, conclui que os agricultores possuem orientações diferentes que determinam tomadas de decisão também diferenciadas. A autora encontrou quatro orientações: (a) instrumental: as atividades são dirigidas para obter receita; (b) orientação social: obter reconhecimento, pertencer à comunidade rural, etc.…”

Section: O Processo De Tomada De Decisão Dos Agricultoresunclassified

Análise de Estudos Internacionais sobre os Fatores que Influenciam a Decisão dos Agricultores pela Produção Orgânica

2015

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RESUMO:Os produtos de origem orgânica mostram-se como uma alternativa viável de obtenção de alimentos preconizados pela produção ecologicamente correta e socialmente justa. Este artigo objetiva explorar, com base em revisão bibliográfica, as variáveis que influenciam a tomada de decisão do agricultor em adotar a produção convencional, ou optar pela produção orgânica. Esse objetivo leva em conta as condições de racionalidade limitada que devem ser consideradas quanto à tomada de decisões dos agricultores em virtude da complexidade do ambiente. Os resultados apontam os fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão dos agricultores pela agricultura orgânica, tais como, a pressão social, estilo de vida e redução no uso de agrotóxicos, além de evidenciar que as políticas públicas para incentivar a produção orgânica devem centrar-se em informação, tecnologia e finanças. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Agricultura; Produção de Alimentos; Sustentabilidade. ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ON FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FARMERS´ DECISION FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTSABSTRACT: Organic products are a viable alternative to food obtained by ecologically correct and socially just production. Current article is a bibliographical review that analyzes variables that affect farmers´ decision-taking in adopting conventional production or opt for organic production. Conditions of limited rationality are taken into account with regard to decision-taking by farmer in the wake of environmental complexities. Results show the factors that influence decision-taking of farmers * Doutora em Agronegócios pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul -UFRGS; Docente Adjunta da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, na graduação em Ciências Contábeis e no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronegócios;

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Goals and Values of Farmers

Cited by 432 publications

References 10 publications

Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice

Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice

An agent-based approach to model land-use change at a regional scale

Análise de Estudos Internacionais sobre os Fatores que Influenciam a Decisão dos Agricultores pela Produção Orgânica

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