Goblet cells of the conjunctiva: A review of recent findings

Gipson, Ilene K.

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.005

Cited by 198 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…It is mostly found in the epithelium layer (Tchoupa, Schuhmacher, & Hauck, 2014). MUC2 (Mucin 2) is related to goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium, which play a key role in protecting the epithelium layer (Gipson, 2016). IL-10 (Interleukin 10) is a gene related to inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and B₃ as new biomaterials to alter intestinal stem cells

Lohman

Bratlie

et al. 2019

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin B3 (niacin) have been extensively studied since the 20th century. In the area of stem cell biology, vitamin C has shown its direct impact toward homeostasis and epigenetic changes (D'Aniello et al., Stem Cells International, 2017, 1–16). Vitamin B3 aids in maintaining healthy intestinal homeostasis and reducing gut inflammation by participating in the rapamycin signaling pathway (Kumar et al., The American Journal of Physiology‐Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2013). In this study, vitamin C and vitamin B3 (600 and 1,200 μg/mL) have been explored as potential new biomaterials to study their effects on four types of intestinal stem cells which are isolated from mice bearing different microbiota. We observed that C3H ASF and 129 ASF IL‐10 are more sensitive towardB7 600 μg/mL vitamin B3 and 1,200 μg/mL vitamin C. The lowest growth rate and viability for all types of organoids was with 1,200 μg/mL vitamin C. From quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (qPCR analysis), MUC2 was upregulated for 129 ASF and C3H Conv when exposed to 600 μg/mL and 1,200 μg/mL vitamin C. It suggests that large amounts of glycoprotein may be produced after adding high concentrations of vitamin C. Since inflammatory bowel disease has low level of MUC2, this finding may be helpful in restoring mucosal health by upregulating the MUC2 gene while altering patient's microbiota (Sibila et al., Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2016). These results are expected to have a positive translational impact because this bottom‐up strategy would be instrumental in developing Vitamin C and B3 based orally available therapeutic strategies and formula for advancing the fields of gastrointestinal regenerative medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and B₃ as new biomaterials to alter intestinal stem cells

Lohman

Bratlie

et al. 2019

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…On the ocular surface, MUC1 is a docking protein for cell surface receptors and contributes to cell signaling and the innate immune responses [12–15]. In conditions of dryness of the eye and salivary glands (dry eye disease and Sjögren’s syndrome) mucin expression, secretion and their glycan structures are affected, associated with inflammation [16–18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosylation pathways of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell mucins

Brockhausen

Elimova

Woodward

et al. 2018

Carbohydrate Research

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Mucin glycoproteins on the ocular surface are rich in O-glycans and have important roles in the protection from physical, chemical and microbial impact. In this work, we have cultured human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells to examine the glycosyltransferase activities that synthesize the O-glycans of mucins. The results indicate that ocular surface epithelial cells have active enzymes that synthesize O-glycans with sialylated core 1, Galβ1–3GalNAcα, and core 2, GlcNAcβ1–6(Galβ1–3)GalNAcα structures which corresponds to previous structural studies. Eye cells also have enzymes that synthesize complex N-glycans that are found on mucins. Results from treatment of eye cells with TNFα suggest that epithelial O-glycosylation changes in a dynamic fashion during inflammatory stimuli of the eye surface.

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“…Conjunctival GCs are specialized mucus‐secreting cells, vital for ocular surface function . In healthy individuals lower forniceal GC counts vary between 8·8 and 30 cells mm −1 .…”

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confidence: 99%