Guy Kahane is an unripened Underground Man. Or so I wish to suggest here.The stimulus for this remark is a fascinating recent essay by Kahane which argues that, whether or not theism is true, there are ways in which it would be better if theism were false (2018, but see also his 2011). Kahane's thesis goes by the moniker "anti-theism," and it appears to have a growing population of adherents. Thomas Nagel surprised many people a quarter of a century ago by his pronouncement that he did not want God to exist (1997), suggesting that his was not an isolated preference. 1 Earlier, Nagel's seminal article on absurdity (1971) argued (among other things) that God's existence would be incapable of providing a solution to the greatest challenge we encounter regarding meaning in life, and his comments there have been influential enough to filter down to popular introductory philosophy textbooks for university undergraduates. 2 A growing chorus of voices oppose the notion that God provides life with its meaning, and others have now offered the stronger claim that the very existence of God may be undesirable. 3 Kahane is, perhaps, the most eloquent representative of this stronger view, and we can learn a great deal from his work. But one thing that we learn is that the general tenor of his remarks has antecedents-and one of them, I suggest, is the perspective of the fictional narrator of Dostoevsky's famous Notes from Underground. In this work, however, the values which motivate this perspective are presented in a distressingly negative light, as presenting grounds for ultimate despair. Indeed, they may aggravate the very absurdity which Nagel addresses in his famous