GOES-VAS Simultaneous Temperature-Moisture Retrieval Algorithm

The NPOESS Airborne Sounding Testbed Interferometer—Remotely Sensed Surface and Atmospheric Conditions during CLAMS

“…It is noted that ␥ is dependent upon the observations, the observation error, and the first guess of the atmospheric profile; often it is chosen empirically (Smith et al 1985;Hayden 1988). The solution can be overconstrained, producing large biases in the retrieval when ␥ is too large.…”

Satellite-Based Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Development and Applications

“…The first Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS; Smith et al 1981;Hayden 1988) accomplished high-temporal-frequency sounding of Earth's atmosphere from more than 30,000 km above the equator. VAS had 12 sounding channels from 4 to 15 µm in and in between the carbon dioxide and water vapor absorption bands with a spatial resolution of 7 or 14 km at nadir; VAS also had one visible channel with 1-km horizontal resolution at nadir for cloud detection.…”

“…Improving NWP accuracy by using satellite soundings became a focus for many operational (op) NWP centers around the world. Advances in atmospheric sounding technology enabled broader spatial coverage as nadir-only observations gave way to cross-track scanning measurements of wide swaths and the gradual improvement in spectral resolution, spatial resolution, and radiometric accuracy (see Table 1 ;Hayden 1971;Gavaghan 1998;Conway 2008;Ohring 1979;Smith et al 1979;Menzel and Purdom 1994;Dong et al 2009;Yang et al 2012) from SIRS-A on Nimbus-3 in 1969. Filter radiometers that possessed relatively high spatial resolution and broadband spectral resolution were placed on meteorological satellites in polar orbit [such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and FengYun-3 series] and GEO (such as the GOES series).…”

Physically Retrieving Cloud and Thermodynamic Parameters from Ultraspectral IR Measurements

“…It is noted that ␥ is dependent upon the observations, the observation error, and the first guess of the atmospheric profile; often it is chosen empirically (e.g., Susskind et al 1984;Smith et al 1985;Hayden 1988). In the NAST-I retrieval procedure, the Discrepancy Principle (e.g., Morozov 1984;Carfora et al 1998;Li and Huang 1999) is applied to determine the appropriate smoothing factor␥.…”