Going up or coming down? The changing phases of the lung cancer epidemic from 1967 to 1999 in the 15 European Union countries

Bray, Freddie; Tyczynski, Jerzy E.; Parkin, Donald Maxwell

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2003.08.005

Cited by 106 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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Section: Abstract: Lung Cancer; Mortality; Trends; European Union; Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a previous analyses using data from former Czechoslovakia showed an increase of lung cancer mortality in the 1960s, 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. [23][24][25] Bray et al 3 describe how the decrease in tobacco smoking prevalence in men in many West European (EU members) countries has been reflected by a plateauing followed by a decline in lung cancer mortality 1-2 decades later (e.g., United Kingdom and Finland). In other Western countries, such as France, a modest drop in smoking prevalence led to a plateau in mortality (not decline).…”

Section: Smoking Patterns In Candidate Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in concordance with earlier observations, mainly from Western Europe. [3][4][5] FIGURE 5 -Lung cancer mortality, Hungary.…”

Section: Smoking Patterns In Candidate Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing trend in mortality is similar in member states and accession countries. 3 Despite all the similarities, it is possible to distinguish 3 groups of countries with different patterns among women. The first group comprises the 3 Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), where the level of mortality is relatively low, and the increase of mortality over time is small or almost nil.…”

Section: Smoking Patterns In Candidate Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have dealt with time trends of lung cancer in the European Union member states, relatively little has been published on lung cancer time trends in other parts of the continent. [1][2][3][4][5][6] This article aims to analyze and discuss recent changes in mortality trends in countries that are candidates for membership of the European Union.It is well known that the major risk factor for lung cancer is tobacco smoking, and that there is a relationship between the magnitude of the risk and duration and intensity of smoking, age of initiation, type of cigarettes smoked and time since smoking cessation. 7-12 All these factors influence changes in the frequency and incidence of and mortality from lung cancer in the given population.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lung cancer mortality patterns in selected Central, Eastern and Southern European countries

Tyczynski

Bray

Aareleid

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Significant changes in the prevalence of tobacco smoking have been observed in many European countries. EU candidate countries have also experienced major changes with respect to tobacco smoking, which have resulted in changes in the frequency of lung cancer. In men in the majority of these countries, a reduction of mortality rates has been observed recently, while in Hungary and Poland a deceleration of mortality increase was observed in the 1990s. The situation is much less favorable in females, where in the majority of countries a continuous increase of mortality rates has been observed, the only exceptions being Latvia, Lithuania and, to a lesser extent, Estonia. In Hungarian women, an acceleration of the increase rate was observed in the 1980s and 1990s (compared with the 1970s). Patterns of lung cancer mortality in analyzed countries are somewhat similar to those observed in EU member states. Recent analyses of time trends of lung cancer in EU countries showed, in general, a decreasing risk in the majority of male populations and an increase in several countries in women. If the decrease of mortality is to be achieved and maintained in the longer term, efforts have to be focused on young generations (entering adulthood now or in the near future). Despite all the difficulties present in reducing tobacco smoking in youth, it seems that one of the most important ways to reduce the future lung cancer burden in current and new EU member states is to strengthen efforts toward changing smoking attitudes in young generations. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: lung cancer; mortality; trends; European Union; regressionLung cancer has been a major public health issue in Europe for many years. This disease is the most frequent cause of cancer deaths in males in the majority of European countries and one of the most frequent in females. Although several studies have dealt with time trends of lung cancer in the European Union member states, relatively little has been published on lung cancer time trends in other parts of the continent. [1][2][3][4][5][6] This article aims to analyze and discuss recent changes in mortality trends in countries that are candidates for membership of the European Union.It is well known that the major risk factor for lung cancer is tobacco smoking, and that there is a relationship between the magnitude of the risk and duration and intensity of smoking, age of initiation, type of cigarettes smoked and time since smoking cessation. 7-12 All these factors influence changes in the frequency and incidence of and mortality from lung cancer in the given population.In many West European countries, decreasing trends in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in men observed since the 1960s and 1970s caused a decline in lung cancer mortality 1-2 decades later. In contrast, in many countries, increase of smoking prevalence in women caused an increase in mortality from lung cancer.Similar changes in smoking patterns were observed in the 1980s and 1990s in the majority of the EU accession countries. It implies...

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Section: Abstract: Lung Cancer; Mortality; Trends; European Union; Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoking Patterns In Candidate Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in concordance with earlier observations, mainly from Western Europe. [3][4][5] FIGURE 5 -Lung cancer mortality, Hungary.…”

Section: Smoking Patterns In Candidate Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoking Patterns In Candidate Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung cancer mortality patterns in selected Central, Eastern and Southern European countries

Tyczynski

Bray

Aareleid

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Trends in mortality from major cancers in the European Union, including acceding countries, in 2004

Levi¹,

Lucchini²,

Negri

et al. 2004

Cancer

105

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BACKGROUND.In May 2004, 10 additional countries joined the European Union (EU), including a total of 75 million inhabitants. Most of these were from central and eastern European countries with comparably high cancer mortality rates and with relatively unfavorable trends. Therefore, it is important to provide updated mortality data regarding major cancers in various countries and to analyze trends for the current population of the EU. METHODS.The authors considered mortality rates (directly standardized to the world standard population) for all cancers and for 8 major cancer sites in the year 2000 in the 25 countries of the EU and analyzed corresponding trends since 1980 using data derived from the World Health Organization data base. RESULTS.For men, overall cancer mortality in the year 2000 varied by a factor Ͼ 2 between the highest rate of 258.5 per 100,000 men in Hungary and the lowest rate of 122.0 per 100,000 men in Sweden. Central and Eastern European accession countries had the highest rates not only for lung and other tobacco-related cancers but also for gastrointestinal cancers and leukemias. The geographic pattern was different and the range of variation was smaller for women, i.e., between 136.7 per 100,000 women in Denmark and 76.4 per 100,000 women in Spain in the year 2000.In the EU as a whole, lung cancer mortality in men peaked at 55.4 per 100,000 men in 1988 and declined thereafter to 46.7 per 100,000 men in 2000. Gastric cancer steadily declined from 19.7 per 100,000 men in 1980 to 10.1 per 100,000 men in 2000. Other major sites showed moderately favorable trends over the last few years.In women, breast cancer peaked at 21.7 per 100,000 in 1989 and declined to 18.9 per 100,000 in 2000. Mortality from gastric, (cervix) uterus, and intestinal cancers demonstrated steady decreases, but lung cancer increased from 7.7 per 100,000 women in 1980 to 11.1 per 100,000 women in 2000. The increase in lung cancer mortality in women age Ͻ 55 years was 38% between 1990 and 2000 (from 2.16 per 100,000 women to 2.99 per 100,000 women), reflecting the spread of tobacco smoking among women in the EU over the last few decades. CONCLUSIONS.The priority for further reduction of cancer mortality in the EU remains tobacco control together with more widespread availability of modern diagnostic and treatment procedures for neoplasms that are amenable to treatment.

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UHRF1‐mediated tumor suppressor gene inactivation in nonsmall cell lung cancer

Daskalos

Oleksiewicz

Filia

et al. 2010

Cancer

108

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BACKGROUND:The UHRF1 gene possesses an essential role in DNA methylation maintenance, but its contribution to tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation in primary human cancers currently remains unclear. METHODS: mRNA expression levels of UHRF1, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and E2F1 were evaluated in 105 primary nonsmall cell lung carcinomas by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The methylation status of CDKN2A and RASSF1 promoters was examined by pyrosequencing. UHRF1 was knocked down by short hairpin RNA in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS: All 4 genes were overexpressed in a coordinated manner in the lung tumor tissues, and their expression correlated with that of E2F1. Higher UHRF1 expression in tumor tissues correlated with the hypermethylation of CDKN2A (P ¼ .005) and RASSF1 promoters (P ¼ .034), and the relationship with a combined epigenotype was even stronger (P ¼ 2.3 Â 10 À4 ). When UHRF1 was knocked down in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, lower methylation levels of RASSF1, CYGB, and CDH13 promoters were observed. Also, UHRF1 knockdown clones demonstrated reduced proliferation and decreased cell migration properties. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that UHRF1 is a key epigenetic switch, which controls cell cycle in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma through its ability to sustain the transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes by maintaining their promoters in a hypermethylated status. Thus, UHRF1 should be considered, along with DNMTs, among the potential targets for cancer treatment and/or therapeutic stratification.

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Going up or coming down? The changing phases of the lung cancer epidemic from 1967 to 1999 in the 15 European Union countries

Cited by 106 publications

References 23 publications

Lung cancer mortality patterns in selected Central, Eastern and Southern European countries

Lung cancer mortality patterns in selected Central, Eastern and Southern European countries

Trends in mortality from major cancers in the European Union, including acceding countries, in 2004

UHRF1‐mediated tumor suppressor gene inactivation in nonsmall cell lung cancer

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